1. Phylogenetic Tree of Reptiles

2. Mammals Class Mammalia
Thought to have evolved during the Mesozoic Era from therapsids
Mammalian skull accommodates a larger brain relative to body size
Chief characteristics and hair and milk-producing mammary glands
Infant dependency
Internal development
Differentiated teeth

3. Monotremes – (Greek. monos: one + trema: hole) Have a cloaca
Mammals - Monotremes
Monotremes – (Greek. monos: one + trema: hole)
Have a cloaca
Egg laying mammals
Hard-shelled amniotic eggs
Platypus - young lick up milk off of the mother
Spiny anteater – young move from egg to a pouch
All found in Australia or New Guinea

4. Mammals - Monotremes 4

5. Marsupials – (Gk. marsupium: pouch) Females contain pouch
Mammals - Marsupials 5
Marsupials – (Gk. marsupium: pouch)
Females contain pouch
Begin development inside females body and move to pouch; attach to nipples
Frequently more babies are born than nipples available
Most abundant in Australia and New Guinea, some in South and Central America
1 in North America

6. 6
Mammals - Marsupials

7. Mammals - Marsupials 7
Tricky tree: DNA bits called retroposons reveal that marsupials share a South American ancestor but form distinct South American and Australian groups.

8. Flying Squirrel vs Sugar Glider??
Same thing?
Sugar gliders are marsupuals; flying squirrels are not?
Why do they look and behave so similarly?

9. Nutrients provided to growing offspring Active life Acute senses
Mammals - Placentals 9
Placentals - Females have organ for exchange of maternal and placental blood
Nutrients provided to growing offspring
Active life
Acute senses
Brain takes awhile to develop.
Why?
How long for humans?

10. Placental Mammals

11. Major Orders of Mammals
Perissodactyla
Horses
Artiodactyla
Deer
Carnivora
Cats
Primates
Monkeys
Cetacea
Whales
Chiroptera
Bats
Rodentia
Mice
Proboscidea
Elephants
Lagomorpha
Rabbits

12. Review Chordates Non-vertebrate Chordates Vertebrates Fishes
Amphibians
Retiles
Birds
Mammals

13. Homework: Due Monday (end of class)
Homework – Short Term
Homework: Due Monday (end of class)
anthropoid arboreal
bipedalism culture
hominid hominoid
molecular clock mosaic evolution
Primate prosimian

14. Homework – Long Term Read page 571
Describe at least two examples of how products from animals are used in medicine.
For extra credit – find some not listed on this page
Read 576 Connecting the Concepts
State and support how YOU would measure which group of vertebrates (or invertebrates) are the ‘most successful.’
Make sure you define successful and defend your position.