1. E VOLUTION The unifying theme of biology

2. B ELLRINGER Make these 3 columns and jot down a few ideas First thing you think of when you hear “evolution” What do you know about evolution? What questions do you have about evolution?

3. T HE I NS AND O UTS That all species are related and came from one ancestral species That species change over millions of years and can become new species or split into separate species That the earth is much older than biblical accounts That there is no God or creator That we evolved from monkeys or that monkeys should each evolve into humans That animals should give birth to brand new species overnight Evolution does argue… Evolution does not argue…

4. E VOLUTION D OES NOT A DDRESS How life began Morality Whether species are “better” or “higher order” The meaning of life or significance of “being human”

5. T HERE IS VERY LITTLE SCIENTIFIC DEBATE Scientists debate the details of evolution but there is overwhelming consensus that evolution does occur There is a lot of evidence

7. B UT EVOLUTION IS A THEORY … A “theory” in science is a well-supported argument that matches all experimental evidence and is widely accepted – like gravity Scientists never say we “prove” or we “know”. We say “the data suggests or supports”

8. T HE F IRST P ERSON TO S UGGEST E VOLUTION WAS … NOT Charles Darwin, but Jean Baptiste Lamarck revived an idea that existed for thousands of years Suggested species change over time and can become new species BUT he had no evidence, and his hypothesis did not properly explain how evolution could occur

9. C HARLES D ARWIN Proposed a well- thought out, coherent, well-researched hypothesis Was scared to publish for many years- in fact a man named Alfred Wallace published at the same time But Darwin’s version was more complete so he gets all the credit

10. D ARWIN ’ S V OYAGE Visited the Galapagos Islands Upon careful observations (the beginning of the scientific method!) he began to believe all species must be related Let’s see what he saw! While we watch “Into the Galapagos” please make a list of all the living species that we see

11. T ODAY 1. Survey on STEM 2. Practice ACT 3. Evolution by Natural Selection 4. Computer lab research on evidence for and against evolution

12. 2 M AIN P ARTS TO THE T HEORY Species change New species form from old species All species came from one common ancestor (this was a bit of a leap of faith on his part) The theoretical mechanism that causes change Environment selects which traits become common (like selecting dog breeds) Descent with Modification Natural Selection

13. N ATURAL S ELECTION Individuals compete for resources and mates Certain genes cause some individuals to outcompete others That means these genes become more common Less favorable genes become less common or disappear Over long periods of time these favorable genes accumulate and the population will be very different than its ancestors

14. N ATURAL S ELECTION Traits that help individuals survive and reproduce become more common Incredibly complex organisms come about after millions to billions of years of small changes

15. E XAMPLE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iraaygt YSYk&feature=related

16. W HAT IS A DVANTAGEOUS D EPENDS ON THE E NVIRONMENT White moths were common in London before industrial evolution After- soot covers most of the city and black moths become common

17. E XAMPLE

18. N ATURAL S ELECTION AND G IRAFFES

19. N ATURAL S ELECTION AND S PIDER R EPRODUCTION In some spider species the male leaps into the jaws of the female He is killed and eaten but his sperm reaches the female Genes that contribute to this behavior have evolved because they get passed on

20. H OW DO WE KNOW THIS IS PLAUSIBLE ? We have created many new species by selecting which ones reproduce

21. S UBTLETIES OF N ATURAL S ELECTION Only traits that are already present can be selected for New traits come about by random mutations No such thing as perfect- everything is a compromise INDIVIDUALS DO NOT EVOLVE

22. M ORE S UBTLETY IN N ATURAL S ELECTION Individuals don’t necessarily TRY to survive or reproduce Genes that contribute to success become common Non-fit individuals die and do not pass on genes

23. R EST OF T ODAY Go to computer lab for research on evidence for evolution as a group Should be a short, quick presentation (4-5 slides) - that you are ready to present Friday. Email me the presentation before Friday

24. R ESEARCH – DOWN IN THE COMPUTER LAB Research one of the types of evidence Explain how it provides evidence for evolution by natural selection in your own words Give a few examples Find some arguments against evolution by natural selection Try to find some that sound scientific and plausible- not just rants and raves We’ll see if we can explain their observations in terms of evolution 1. Evidence for Evolution 2. Evidence/arguments Against Evolution

25. E VIDENCE FOR YOU TO R ESEARCH Biogeography Comparative embryology Homologous structures Vestigial structures Fossils DNA analysis Protein analysis