1. Thomas Jefferson

2. Election of 1800  Thomas Jefferson- Democratic- Republican  Supported by poor farmers  Favored Popular Democracy & States’ Rights  John Adams- Federalist  Supported by wealthy  Supported strong Fed Gov’t

3. Thomas Jefferson  From Virginia  Monticello  Anti-Federalist  Main Author of the Declaration of Independence  Vice President under Adams  Third President of the United States

4. Marbury vs Madison  Adams passes the Judiciary Act of 1801: increases Supreme Court Judges to 16  Adams fills these positions the night before he leaves office  “midnight judges”  Marbury was one  Jefferson states that since the papers had not been delivered the appointments were invalid

5. Marbury vs. Madison  Marbury sued Sec of State Madison for not following the Judiciary Act  Chief Justice Marshall declares the Judiciary Act is Unconstitutional  Establishes the Power of Judicial Review

6. Judicial Review  The ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional  Constitutional: are those laws consistent with what it says in the Constitution  Establishment of Judicial Review expands the Supreme Court’s power and the federal government’s power

7. Marshall Court  McCulloch vs Maryland  Issue: Do states have the right to tax a federal agency?  Decision:  No, states cannot tax a federal agency  Rule Bank of US constitutional  Strengthens federal power

8. Marshall Court  Gibbons vs Ogden  Issue: Whether the New York law that prohibited vessels (ships) licensed by the US from navigating the waters of New York was unconstitutional and therefore void.  Decision:  Only Congress has the power to regulate interstate trade

9. Louisiana Purchase

10.  Bought in 1803 from France  Doubles the land in the US  Expands presidential power

11. Lewis and Clark  Sent to explore the new territory  Take down information and data on land, plants and animals

12. Embargo of 1807  Britain is blockading France by sea to hurt trade  seize 1,000 American Ships  Impress American Sailors (kidnap and force American sailors to fight in British Navy)  Jefferson declares an embargo  ban on exporting goods to other countries  Goal: to hurt Britain and other European powers economically  Result: Hurts Americans more  Embargo lifted in 1809