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Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved PC Fundamentals Presentation 49 – Introduction to the Internet
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2 Objectives At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:
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3 Define TCP/IP and explain its importance to the Internet. Define Internet, Intranet, and Extranet. Define “fully qualified domain name (FQDN)” and URL and define the major parts of each. Recognize top-level domains. Explain how the Domain Name System (DNS) works.
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4 The Internet A “Network of Networks”. It consists of tens of thousands of networks and millions of computers all over the world.
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5 A Brief History of the Internet Late 1960s – ARPANET - Research in packet-switching networking carried out by the Advanced Research Projects Agency. 1975 – ARPANET turned over to the U.S. Defense Communication agency. 1979 – Internet Control and Configuration Board formed. 1980 – Global Internet begins to emerge as conversion to TCP/IP begins.
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6 A Brief History of the Internet 1983 – ARPANET split into ARPANET and MILNET. 1983 – Defense Department mandates TCP/IP as the protocol of the ARPANET. 1986 – National Science Foundation funds new backbone called NSFNET, which connects to and greatly expands ARPANET and provides seed money for regional networks. 1980s – Universities and major scientific research institutes get involved.
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7 A Brief History of the Internet Late 1980s – Major Corporations tie into the still emerging Internet. Early 1990s – Medium and small companies begin connecting in large numbers. Mid 1990s – Individuals begin connecting en mass. Late 1990s – E-Commerce emerges. Today – The Internet is an integral part of our lives.
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8 TCP/IP is: The Protocol of the Internet The number 1 protocol in the world for moving data around A suite of over 100 protocols Supported by virtually all modern operating systems. The protocol of UNIX.
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9 TCP/IP- A suite of protocols Internet Protocol (IP) - The protocol that determines the Internet’s basic packet structure and its addressing scheme. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) - The protocol that sets up a connection between two hosts and ensures that data is passed between them reliably.
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10 TCP/IP- A suite of protocols File Transport Protocol (FTP) - Defines file transfers among computers on the Internet. Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP) - Describes the format of Internet email. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) - Defines how WWW data is transmitted between a server and a browser. Network News Transport Protocol (NNTP) - Defines how Usenet newsgroups and postings are transmitted.
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11 IP Address A logical rather than a physical address. How it is entered into your computer: – Manually, by you or the network administrator. – Automatically, via the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
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12 Each computer on a network that uses the TCP/IP protocol must have its own unique IP address.
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13 IP Address Dotted-Decimal Notation 205.208.113.5
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14 Usually, you get your IP addresses from your local Internet Service Provider.
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15 Configuring TCP/IP Manually Automatically through DHCP
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16 The IP Address is divided into two parts: Network ID (Assigned by InterNIC) Host ID (Assigned locally)
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17 Networks using Internet Technology Internet internet Intranet Extranet
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18 Network 1 Network 2 Router
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19 Network 1 Network 2 Router 1 Network 3 Router 2
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20 Network 1 Network 2 Router 1 Network 3 Router 2 Router 3
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21 Net5 R Net13 R Net6 R Net7 R Net9 R Net10 R Net1 R Net2 R Net8 R Net11 R Net14 R Net3 R Net4 R Net15 R Net16 R Net12 R
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22 Addressing and Identification Schemes MAC Address0A:12:B3:00:F1:3C IP Address192.47.116.254 Domain Name Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
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23 Domain Names An Internet identification system that uses words rather than numeric IP addresses. The Internet uses a system of “Domains” to divide and name its resources. Example:www.ford.com
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24 Commercial Ford GE IBM NASA NPS Government HUD MIT ND UNC Education
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25 Commercial Ford GE IBM Top-Level Domain Second-Level Domain Domain Names: Ford.com GE.com IBM.com
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26 Top-Level Domain Second-Level Domain Domain Names: NASA.gov NPS.gov HUD.gov NASA NPS Government HUD
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27 Top-Level Domain Second-Level Domain Domain Names: MIT.edu ND.edu UNC.edu MIT ND UNC Education
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28 Commercial yahoo shopping news sports Top-Level Domain 2nd-Level Domain 3rd-Level Domain sports.yahoo.com shopping.yahoo.com Dailynews.yahoo.com
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29 Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) Samson.Finance.Mycompany.com Host 3 rd Level Domain 3 rd Level Domain 2nd Level Domain 2nd Level Domain Top Level Domain Top Level Domain
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30 Top Level Domains.comCommercial.govGovernment.eduEducation.netNetworks.orgOrganizations.milMilitary.intInternational Country Codes
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31 Country Codes.cn China.ca Canada.de Germany.dk Denmark.fr France.hk Honk Kong.ru Russia.se Sweden.uk United Kingdom.us United States
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32 Uniform Resource Locator (URL) The Addressing Scheme of the World Wide Web. A user-friendly substitute for an IP Address Example: http://www.microsoft.com/Product/Windows
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33 http://www.microsoft.com/download/bigoldfile Protocol Domain Name Domain Name Path File World Wide Web World Wide Web
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34 Domain Name System (DNS) A world-wide distributed data base that links Domain Names to IP addresses. A system of hierarchical routing which automatically finds the proper numeric IP address when it is given a Domain Name.
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35 DNS Servers
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36 Your Workstation DNS Server Hey, DNS Server! What is the IP address of: shopping.yahoo.com ? Hey, DNS Server! What is the IP address of: shopping.yahoo.com ?
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37 Your Workstation DNS Server I don’t know. But here is the IP address of the yahoo.com name server She can tell you. I don’t know. But here is the IP address of the yahoo.com name server She can tell you.
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38 Your Workstation YAHOO.COM Name Server Hey, Yahoo.com name server! What is the IP address of: shopping.yahoo.com ? Hey, Yahoo.com name server! What is the IP address of: shopping.yahoo.com ?
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39 Your Workstation YAHOO.COM Name Server The IP address for shopping.yahoo.com is 204.71.200.215 Have a nice day. The IP address for shopping.yahoo.com is 204.71.200.215 Have a nice day.
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40 Your Workstation SHOPPING.YAHOO.COM Web Server
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Copyright © 2007 Heathkit Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved PC Fundamentals End
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