1. Cell Structure and Transport Chapter 7
Vocab Review

2. Process in which cells change and develop into different kinds of cells doing different jobs
Differentiation OR cell specialization
Idea that all living things are made of
cells; cells are the basic units of structure
and function in living things; and new cells
are produced from existing cells
Cell theory

3. Membrane stacks found inside chloroplasts where the enzymes
Sac of digestive enzymes used by cells to break down food, cell parts, or whole cells
lysosomes
Membrane stacks found inside
chloroplasts where the enzymes
for photosynthesis are found
thylakoids

4. Molecule found in the cell walls of fungi that makes them sturdy
chitin

5. Collection of living material enclosed by a barrier that separates it from its surroundings; the basic unit of life
cell
Log-like structures that help organize the spindle and guide the chromosomes
apart during cell division in animal cells
centrioles

6. Membrane stacks found inside chloroplasts where the enzymes
Sac of digestive enzymes used by cells to break down food, cell parts, or whole cells
lysosomes
Membrane stacks found inside
chloroplasts where the enzymes
for photosynthesis are found
thylakoids

7. Control center of the cell that contains the genetic material
nucleus
Stack of membranes in cells that
modifies, sorts, and packages
proteins from the ER for transport
Golgi body (apparatus)

8. Describes molecules that try to stay away from water…
DNA with attached proteins found spread out in the nucleus of non-dividing cells
chromatin
Describes molecules that try to
stay away from water…
means “water fearing”
hydrophobic

9. ATP Nucleotide molecules used by cells to store and transfer energy
Membrane protein with sugars
attached that help cells identify “self”
glycoproteins

10. chromosomes phospholipid
DNA with proteins attached that is tightly scrunched up into compact bundles seen in the nucleus of dividing cells
chromosomes
Molecule with a polar head and
two hydrophobic tails used to
make cell membranes
phospholipid

11. vacuole Space used to store water, food, molecules, enzymes, or waste
Many, small hair-like structures made
of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement
that extend from the surface of cells
and help in movement
cilia

12. Network of microtubules and microfilaments that give the
Dark spot in the cell nucleus where RNA for ribosomes is made
Nucleolus
Network of microtubules and
microfilaments that give the
cell shape and support it
cytoskeleton

13. Gel-like material and the organelles
Organism whose cells have a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes
eukaryote
Gel-like material and the organelles
found between the nucleus and cell
membrane
cytoplasm

14. Double membrane that surrounds the cell nucleus
Nuclear envelope
OR nuclear membrane
Small particles that make proteins
ribosomes

15. Power plant of the cell that burns glucose and stores the energy
Membrane system without ribosomes attached involved in lipid synthesis, calcium regulation, and the break down of toxins
Smooth ER
Power plant of the cell that burns
glucose and stores the energy
released in ATP
mitochondria

16. Folded inner membrane inside a mitochondrion
cristae
System of membranes with
ribosomes attached where proteins
are produced and modified and transported throughout the cell
Rough ER

17. Organelle where photosynthesis happens
chloroplast
Bilayer made of phospholipids
and proteins which surrounds all
cells and controls what enters
and leaves
Plasma membrane

18. Molecule with an uneven pattern of charges… slightly positive on
Double layer formed when phospholipids
line up with their hydrophillic heads to
the outside and their hydrophobic tails
toward the center
bilayer
Molecule with an uneven pattern
of charges… slightly positive on
one side, slightly negative on
the other
polar

19. Small structure inside eukaryotic cells which carries out a specific function
organelle
Unicellular organism that does NOT have a nucleus and or organelles surrounded by membranes
prokaryote

20. A living thing composed of many organ systems
organism
Structure found outside the
cell membrane that provides
support and protection
Cell wall

21. Polysaccharide found in plant cell walls that makes them sturdy
cellulose
Molecule made by joining amino
acid subunits that is used to
make cell membranes
protein

22. Molecule used to build bacterial cell walls instead of cellulose
peptidoglycan
Programmed cell death;
“cell suicide”
apoptosis

23. Small openings in the nuclear membrane that allow molecules
A few, long hair-like structures made
of microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement
that extend from the surface of cells
and help in movement
flagella
Small openings in the nuclear
membrane that allow molecules
to pass through
Nuclear pores

24. Organism made of many cells
A group of similar cells working together
tissue
Organism made of many cells
multi-cellular

25. Group of different organs working together
organ system
Protein found in cell membranes
which helps molecules get across
the membrane
transport protein

26. “Walking proteins that interact with the microtubules in the cytoskeleton to move chromosomes or cell parts
Motor proteins
Protein found on the inside or outside surface of cell membranes
Peripheral proteins

27. Theory that suggests that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotic ancestors that were engulfed and stayed to live in an ancient host cell
Endosymbiotic theory
Protein found embedded in the phospholipid bilayer in cell membranes; these can go part way or all the way across the membrane
integral proteins

28. The DIFFUSION of WATER across a semi-permeable MEMBRANE
The DIFFUSION of WATER across a
semi-permeable MEMBRANE
OSMOSIS
A state that exists when the
CONCENTRATION of a substance IS THE SAME throughout a space
equilibrium

29. The pressure of water pushing against the cell wall in a plant cell is called ________________ pressure.
Osmotic(turgor)
Solution in which the solute concentration outside and inside a cell are EQUAL
ISOTONIC

30. The diagrams below show cells in a liquid (Dots = dissolved solutes)
Identify the liquids shown
HYPERTONIC
ISOTONIC
HYPOTONIC

31. cytolysis Aquaporins An INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN
The swelling and bursting of an animal cell when placed in a HYPOTONIC solution
cytolysis
An INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN
that provides a passageway/tunnel
across the cell membrane through
which WATER molecules can
diffuse PASSIVELY during osmosis
Aquaporins

32. hypertonic Solution in which the solute concentration outside
the cell is greater than inside
hypertonic
Molecule used by cells to provide
energy for cell activities
ATP

33. selectively permeable
A membrane that lets certain molecules pass
through and not
others is called
_______________
Semi-permeable OR
selectively permeable
Image from:

34. Substance that turns blue-black when it reacts with starch
iodine

35. The process by which molecules MOVE
___________ transport does NOT require energy to move molecules across membranes.
Passive
The process by which molecules MOVE
from an area of HIGHER concentration
to an area of LOWER concentration
diffusion

36. Organelle that uses exocytosis to transport molecules out of the cell
The shrinking away of the cell membrane from the cell wall in a plant cell when placed in a HYPERTONIC environment
plasmolysis
Organelle that uses exocytosis to
transport molecules out of the cell
Golgi (body) apparatus

37. A small membrane bound sac in a eukaryotic cell used to transport substances around within a cell or during exocytosis or endocytosis
The shrinking of animal cells when placed in a hypertonic solution is called ______________
vesicle
crenation

38. The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space
mass of a dissolved substance in a given volume
Image by Riedell
concentration
The difference in the concentration of molecules across a space
Concentration gradient

39. isotonic Solution in which the solute concentration outside
and inside the cell is equal
isotonic
A MEMBRANE PROTEIN that uses energy to ACTIVELY transport hydrogen ions (H+)
across a cell membrane
PROTON PUMP