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Unification of Italy & Germany Chapter 12, Section 2 & 3
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Industrial Revolution Leads to Change New ideas, changing values, & newfound wealth brought about by the Industrial Revolution will lead to many changes in Europe People will begin to develop feelings of Nationalism & will want to be the rulers of their own fate during the period of industrialization
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A Move Toward the Old European rulers move to restore the old order that existed before Napoleon…
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The Congress of Vienna Fall, 1814 Great Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria (host) Representative of all the states in which Napoleon had fought Hosted by Austrian emperor Francis I - Lead by Klemens von Metternich
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The Congress of Vienna Purpose: to keep any one country from becoming too powerful again! Result: 1. Created new countries & re-drew boundaries for some existing countries 2. Returned monarchies to power 3. Required that countries meet frequently to keep the peace
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Effects… The decisions made by the conference caused anger & resentment among many people who didn’t like having their boundaries re-drawn & didn’t like being ruled by strangers This will be the seed of rebellion that will actually lead to new countries being formed!
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Concert of Europe Frequent meetings by European powers to maintain peace in Europe Principle of Intervention - Foreign powers could intervene upon another country’s affairs due to a revolution - Britain refuses - Austria, Prussia, Russia, & France agree
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This intervention policy would take place in Poland & Italy - Russian forces put down an attempt by Polish citizens to free themselves - Austrian troops put down revolts in Italy
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French Revolution Part Duex Result: - Universal Male Suffrage- Gives all adult men the right to vote - Second Republic, 1848 - Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, pres. (nephew of the Napoleon)!
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Italian Unification! 9 Independent Italian states Led by Austria & Prussian Will use revolutionary means to achieve unification.
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Italy Before Unification
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Unification of Italy Guiseppe Mazzini- will encourage revolt & try to organize nationalistic movements Guiseppe Garibaldi- organized “red shirts” who conquer & unite most of Italy Italians will eventually succeed through constant revolts to remove Austria & France from control of their lands.
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Leaders MazziniGaribaldi
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Germany Before Unification
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Why Germans Should Unify 1. They shared a common goal 2. They were sick of being kicked around by stronger countries 3. They developed strong nationalistic feelings (due to Napoleon & the Congress of Vienna)
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Bismarck Unified Germany Otto von Bismarck- Prussian whose goal is to unify all German speaking states into 1 strong country
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Germany United Bismarck used policy of “Blood & Iron” (Machiavellian) to get things done! Unifies all German speaking independent areas into 1 strong country – will cause many problems later!
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