1. Language Trends 2007 Coping with change Prepared originally for use by Duncan Byrne, ISMLA Linda Parker, ALL Teresa Tinsley, CILT Languages Show, November 2007

2. The survey 6th Language Trends survey (2002-2007) To explore provision and take-up in languages 2,000 secondary schools 43% response from 860 schools, maintained and independent

3. Questions asked Take up of languages in years 10 & 11 Languages offered Whether schools have set the required benchmark Factors affecting take up Accreditation offered Key Stage 3 Post-16 Involvement in support networks

4. Context September 2004 – schools can make languages optional from 14 (KS4) January 2006 – request to schools to set a Benchmark at KS4 Summer 2006 – 51% take GCSE languages March 2007- Languages Review (Dearing) Summer 2007 – 46% take GCSE languages

5. Dearing Review ‘an innovative and common sense plan for encouraging a renaissance in languages in schools and beyond ’ ‘We must encourage a more varied languages offer which suits a range of requirements for young people’

6. Participation at Key Stage 4 Maintained schools Over half have fewer than 50% of their pupils studying a language in Year 11 Just under one third (29%) have fewer than 25% Independent schools 88% have more than 75% of pupils studying a language in Year 11

7. But… In Year 11, participation in languages is only slightly down on last year (2006-07) In Year 10, numbers are stable

8. Schools with good take up Participation is higher in: Selective (grammar) schools Schools with high educational achievement Schools with pupils from an advantaged social background London and the South of England Specialist Language Colleges

9. Schools with poor take up Participation is lower in: Comprehensive schools Schools with lower educational achievement Schools with pupils from disadvantaged social backgrounds North East and Midlands Other Specialist Colleges

10. Specialist schools ‘We are a Performing Arts school. MFL is in same option block as drama/dance which affects our figures’ Yorks and Humber, 40% take-up at KS4 ‘We have become a Media Arts college. Therefore all students have to opt for a media arts subject. Their choice is limited to two only options & this has had a dire effect on the take up of languages’ East of England 10%

11. Bucking the trend ‘All pupils study French at KS3. Top sets also take German and German is a popular option at KS4 among these pupils. Most pupils continue with French at KS4. 12 pupils are now learning Italian for GCSE. A large proportion of our students continue with French and/or German at KS5’. Maths & Computing College, North West, 100% take up of languages

12. Benchmarking Only 17% of schools have set a benchmark for take up Only 13% of schools with a less than 50% take up have set a benchmark These proportions have not increased since last year

13. Benchmarks Over half of schools which have set a benchmark have set it at 50% Some have set it at 60% One has set it at 20% One has set it at 90% Confusion over the status of the benchmark

14. Benchmarks Languages Departments are keen to set a benchmark to give focus to their recruitment efforts, but... School leadership teams often seem unwilling to participate in the setting of benchmarks for KS4 language learning

15. Benchmarks ‘I have been advised that regardless of the Dearing review and Government recommendations, the school will not be setting a benchmark’ Comprehensive, North East, 6% take up ‘I have asked for school to comply with guidelines but am told they “apply over the whole country, so individual schools don't need to worry”!!’ Comprehensive, East of England 14% in Y11, 2% in Y10

16. Benchmarks ‘I discussed this with the head teacher whose view is, that if languages are made available to all through the options process, then that is all the school needs to do!’ Comprehensive, East Midlands, 21% take up “It is only with an extremely supportive school leadership group, favourable option blocking and strong, mixed ability KS3 teaching that we have been able to achieve our take up rates.” Comprehensive, London, 50% benchmark

17. Benchmarks But also evidence of benchmark being enforced: ‘OFSTED special two-day survey in October 2006 criticised us for not having at least 50% take-up, despite the school having reduced the options from 4 to 3 that year’. Yorkshire, Specialist Science College 32% take up

18. Factors influencing take up 3/4 say the option blocks system in their school has a negative effect on take up Student attitudes have a negative effect School policies/ethos more often have a negative effect than a positive one

19. Parental attitudes Parental attitudes are as likely to have a negative effect as a positive one ‘Much of the problem is the perception by parents of the need for languages. Many ask if students can drop FL study in Year 7 to concentrate on English & Maths. Students…do not see languages as a useful acquisition’. Sports college, North West 0% take up

20. Factors influencing take up 2/3 say promotional activities have a positive effect Over 1/3 say use of alternative accreditation and good results have a positive effect

21. Factors influencing take up ‘Since languages were made optional at our school we have seen a decline from about 130 (in 2005) entries before optional languages to 60 in 2007 (at GCSE). The number of A* - C grades has remained roughly the same but as a percentage this has rocketed but even this seems to have no effect on our pupils’ East of England, 30% take up, Maths and Computing College

22. Languages 55% of schools report a decline in numbers for French 44% of schools report a decline in numbers for German 35% of schools report an increase in numbers for Spanish

23. Languages More schools now teach Spanish than German Maintained schools 69% Spanish, 67% German Independent schools 88% Spanish, 84% German

24. Accreditation 29% of maintained schools offer accreditation other than GCSE (up from 22% in previous years) Growth in use of Asset Languages – 14% of maintained schools using it, up from 9% 30% of schools interested in using Asset Languages

25. The independent sector “Languages for All” at KS4 is still the norm in the independent sector. They are only optional in 1/6 schools. Optional KS4 languages tend to be found in schools with significant numbers of SEN pupils or those with EAL.

26. The independent sector French is giving way to Spanish, with German squeezed. However, German A Level is still being taught in 80% of independent schools The number of independent schools teaching Mandarin, Italian, Russian and Japanese is increasing rapidly Nevertheless, new languages are often, even usually, taught outside the curriculum

27. Key Stage 3 Growth in use of accreditation Introduction of new languages 28% of schools have shortened lesson time for languages 6% of schools have reduced KS3 to two years (from 3)

28. Key Stage 5 ‘This year has seen the discontinuation of both French and German at KS5’ West Midlands, Science College, 30% at KS4 ‘Our pupils are very interested in science/medicine related courses and therefore although many have A* for GCSE, they discontinue language in sixth form’ London, independent, 100% KS4

29. Participation in networks 61% of maintained schools part of a network 21% of independent schools KS3 Strategic learning networks CILT 14-19 Learning Networks ALL

30. Other findings Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) involves 2% of schools 28% of schools fast-track a proportion of pupils to take GCSE early 69% of maintained schools and 94% of independent schools offer opportunities for two languages

31. The independent sector Despite innovation in languages offered, the independent sector does not seem to be widely engaged in new qualifications or CLIL Independent schools appear notably more reluctant to participate in learning networks

32. Conclusions Stabilisation – challenge of rebuilding Evidence of good practice and innovation Widening gap between linguistic “haves” and “have-nots”? http://www.cilt.org.uk/research/languagetrends/ 2007/secondary.htmhttp://www.cilt.org.uk/research/languagetrends/ 2007/secondary.htm http://www.cilt.org.uk/research/statistics/index. htm

33. Further information Findings, summary, data tables, regional analysis concerning Secondary http://www.cilt.org.uk/research/languagetrends/ 2007/secondary.htmhttp://www.cilt.org.uk/research/languagetrends/ 2007/secondary.htm Current analyses on other phases of education including HE http://www.cilt.org.uk/research/statistics/index. htm