1. Political philosophy What can states legitimately do? Why should we obey the laws that the state makes? What justifies the distribution of resources within the community that the law supports?

2. What is a state? The apparatus of organised power within a community. The institutions that make and enforce laws within a community. The institutions that can legitimately use force and violence within a community.

3. What is a right? Something you are free to do (no one can legitimately stop you). Something you have a claim to be provided with (someone has a duty to provide you with it, and you can legitimately require it of them).

4. Kinds of right Positive rights Freedoms and claims which you have under the laws of a particular state Natural rights Freedoms and claims which you have anyway, just as a human being. (now usually called: human rights)

5. John Locke 1632 - 1704 Two Treatises of Government (1690)