1. -FROM HUNTERS AND GATHERS TO CIVILIZATION - ASSIGNMENT SUMMARY PARAGRAPH  Describe what a civilization is.

2. AIM: How did early humans survive? DO NOW: How do we know people lived thousands of years ago??

3. TRACING THE MIGRATION (MOVEMENT) OF EARLY HUMANS ACCORDING TO THE MAP, WHERE DID EARLY HUMANS ORIGIN? AFRICA

4. LOUIS & MARY LEAKEY (1903-1972) - Kenyan archaeologists who began looking for early human remains in East Africa. They found many tools, bones & other artifacts. DONALD JOHANSON - (1974) archaeologist who found “Lucy”, a part of an early human skeleton in Ethiopia

5. STANDARDS FOR BEING HUMAN: 1. 90cc (cubic cm) skull size 2. Upright vertebrate 3. Thumb for tool making

6. WHAT ARE THESE IMAGES & WHAT DO THEY TELL US ABOUT EARLY HUMANS?

7. *NOTES* Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age) 2 million B.C. - 10,000 B.C. 1.Hunting & gathering societies 2.Nomads- people who travel from place to place in constant search of food and water 3.People traveled in small groups 4.Simple tools/weapons made of stone, bone & wood 5.Use of clothes & fire 6.Cave paintings found of animals 7.Animism- religion which involves worshipping spirits in nature

8. FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVER CIVILIZATIONS

9. We begin at about 8,000 BC when village life began in the New Stone Age... Also known as the Neolithic Revolution. NEW STONE AGE

10. WHAT IS THE REVOLUTION? A TOTALLY NEW WAY OF LIVING:  From Hunter-Gatherers to Agriculture

11. THE INVENTION OF AGRICULTURE CHANGED THE WAY PEOPLE LIVED. Agriculture (Farming) Growth of Cities Division of Labor (Specialization) Trade Writing and Mathematics

12. FIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF CIVILAZATON

13. AIM: What advances in government, technology, and culture did early civilizations make? DO NOW: Write down three words associated with the word civilized. (5 minutes)

14. OUR CIVILIZATION: NEW YORK CITY WHAT FACTORS MAKE US A “CIVILIZED” AND COMPLEX SOCIETY? Write down at least 3 ideas.

15. *NOTES* CIVILIZATION- (1) group of people living and working together for the purpose of creating an organized society. (2) “the highest cultural grouping of people which distinguishes humans from other species” (3) “complex systems or network of cities that emerge from pre-urban culture” WHAT IS A CIVILIZATION???

16. *NOTES* EIGHT BASIC FEATURES OF A CIVILIZATION: (1)Writing Systems(2) Infrastructure- public works such as bridges, roads etc. (3) Government / Laws

17. *NOTES* (4) Art / Architecture (5) Social Classes

18. *NOTES* (6) Organized Religion (7) Job Specialization (8) Development of Cities

19. Activity: Rank the eight characteristics of civilization in order of what you think is the most important, and why. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

20.  HW: In one paragraph (5-7 sentences), discuss two negative (bad) and two positive (good) consequences of civilization building. What types of issues do complex societies deal with???

21. Government Religion System of Writing Class Structure Division of Labor

22. 1. ORGANIZED GOVERNMENT Organize people to grow and distribute food Make and enforce laws Plan / organize large projects Standardize money / collect taxes Build an army for protection

23. 2. ORGANIZED RELIGION Theocracy – Government by religion Early civilizations were ruled by priests Set up rituals, symbols and shrines Priests were gods or the representatives of gods Polytheism – Many gods

24. 3. SYSTEM OF WRITING A way to keep track of records Laws to follow Taxes to collect What has been stored Passes on knowledge to others Priests were the ones who wrote

26. 4. CLASS STRUCTURE Ruler – Usually a priest Priests/Nobles – Priests worked with gods Nobles were warriors with land Merchants – People who traded Shopkeepers/Artisans – Working class with some skills Laborers/Farmers – Workers – no skills Slaves – No freedom – lowest class

27. 5. DIVISION OF LABOR Provides goods and services People develop specialized skills Encourages trade and new technology Encourages a system of social classes