1. Chemical Reactions

2. A _________ ___________ is the process in which one or more substances change to make one or more new _________. The properties of the new substances differ from the original _____________. Examples: Leaves changing colors and muffins (pg. 292)

3. Signs of Chemical Reactions Gas formations, solid formations, energy changes, odor change and color changes are examples of ___________ _____________. A precipitate is a solid that is produced as a result of a ________ __________ in a solution. Exothermic reactions are chemicals reactions in which ________ is released. Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions in which _______ is taken in. (Video #1 for class) Glow Sticks and Antacid The starting material in a chemical reaction are called reactants. Vinegar (CH3COOH) + Baking Soda (NaHCO 3 ) are reactants The substances formed in a chemical reaction are called products. Ex: Vinegar (CH 3 C00H) + Baking soda (NaHC0 3 ) = (Sodium Acetate) CH 3 COONa + Carbonic Acid (H 2 CO 3)

4. Chemical Formulas and Equations All substances are formed from about 100 ________. Each element has its own ________ symbol. Ex: Hydrogen = H, Gold = Au Each element is made up of an ______ that is composed of ________, ________, and ________. A chemical _________ is a shorthand way to use chemical symbols and numbers to represent a ___________. Ex. H 2 0 = Water A chemical formula shows how many ______ of each kind of element is present in a molecule. Ex. H 2 0 has two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen

5. Chemical Formulas and Equations A subscript is a number written ______ and to the ______ of a chemical symbol in an equation. Ex: H 2 0 A coefficient is a number that is placed ____________ of a chemical symbol or formula. Ex. 2H A Chemical Equation uses chemical symbols and formulas as a shortcut to describe a chemical reaction. Ex: 2H 2 + 0 2 = 2H 2 0

6. Balancing Chemical Equations Law of Conservation of Mass – The law that states that mass is neither created nor destroyed. The total mass of the _________ is equal to the total mass of the __________. (Baking Soda, Vinegar, and Scale Experiment) Law of conservation of energy – The law that states that energy cannot be _________ or __________. Energy can change forms. Ex: Glowsticks, Battery, Campfire

7. Types of Chemical Reactions Synthesis Reaction – A reaction where two or more substances combine to form one new compound. Ex: Hydrogen and Oxygen combine to form water (pg. 304) Decomposition Reaction – A reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. Ex. Water is hit with an electric current and breaks down into Hydrogen and Oxygen (pg. 305) Single-displacement Reaction – A reaction where an element replaces another element that is part of a compound. Zinc plus Hydrochloric Acid produces Zinc Chloride and Hydrogen (Demonstration) Pg. 305 Double-displacement Reaction – A reaction in which two compounds react and two new compounds form. One of the elements that make up the two compounds switch places (pg. 307) (Video 3)