1. Amelioration for Soil Water Repellence Where does it work? What are the long-term impacts? Stephen Davies, Paul Blackwell, Craig Scanlan, Derk Bakker

2. Soil WATER REPELLENCE (~3.3M ha at risk; est. ~$251M cost p.a.) Water Repellent Soils in WA Pale deep sand Deep sand Sandy gravel Sandy duplex

3. Pale deep sand, Badgi. Res. Station No lasting benefits of spading, mouldboard, offsets post-2009.

4. Pale deep sand, McAlpine $163/ha$293/ha$451/ha$76/ha$92/ha Net 3-year benefit

5. Soil types, McAlpine

6. Pale deep sand with base, Kenny Barley WUE 3-4 kg/ha/mm Control 7-8 kg/ha/mm MBP

7. 2012 Barley 2.7 t/ha MBP 2010 1.4 t/ha Untreated 2010 Barley 0.8 t/ha Untreated 2.0 t/ha MBP 2010 0.8 t/ha Untreated 1.8 t/ha MBP 2010 2011 Lupin

8. Wheat grain yield 2013 season – 7 th season after treatments applied Prestons, Casuarinas 2013 Wheat yield Supporting your success

9. Wheat grain protein 2013 season – 7 th season after treatments applied Prestons, Casuarinas 2013 Grain protein Supporting your success

10. Screenings % 2013 Grain protein Supporting your success Kernel weight (mg)

11. 2013 Grain protein Supporting your success But... Wongan Hills 2012...

12. Pale sands (with base) Yellow deep sands Sandy gravel Deep sandy duplex CAUTION Loamy sands (esp. Acidic) Deep pale sands (poor potential) Pale deep sands Yellow deep sands Sandy duplex Loamy sands (Acidic) CAUTION Gravels Pale deep sands Deep sandy duplex Sandy gravels Pale sands (with base) CAUTION Loamy sands?

13. Delivering agronomic strategies for water repellent soils in WA (DAW00204) stephen.davies@agric.wa.gov.au Visit: www.agric.wa.gov.au

14. AMELIORATION OPTIONS SUMMARY Soil TypeOption 1Option 2Option 3 Pale deep sand – low potential ClayingSpading? Pale deep sand with base MouldboardClayingSpading Yellow deep sandMouldboardSpadingOne-way plough Deep sandy earth (Acidic) SpadingOne-way plough Sandy duplexSpading? Mouldboard (deep duplex) Sandy gravelMouldboardOne-way plough Spader (lower gravel)