1. Cancer Notes Thursday November 6th

2. Review Mitosis/Cell Division

3. Cancer Normal cells if damaged… Cancer Cells if damaged… Tumor Metastasis

4. What cause cancer?

5. Animations (https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/cancer/activities/activity2_ animations.htm)https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih1/cancer/activities/activity2_ animations.htm Animations 1, 3, 4 5 is a summary Animation 2 goes into WAY more detail than we need

6. DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Shape: double-helix (twisted ladder) Made of Nucleotides Each nucleotide contains 1 deoxyribose sugar, 1 phosphate, 1 base 4 bases exist: adenine which pairs with thymine, guanine which pairs with cytosine Chromosome is an entire strand of DNA, contains: Genes which are sections of DNA that code for one protein Non-coding sections of DNA Mutated DNA: A, T, C, G get mixed up in the way they connect

7. Protein Synthesis The process of copying the information in DNA to make proteins One gene has the information to make one protein Basic steps: RNA copies a gene of DNA RNA leaves nucleus and lands on ribosome Information on the RNA is used to put amino acids in order to make the protein

8. Proteins Help chemical reactions occur Hormones (regulate organism) Structure (cell membranes, cartilage, hair, etc.) Muscle contraction Immunity (antibodies) Transport All physical features!

9. Mutation- permanent change in the DNA sequence that has the potential to make a different protein Could be positive, negative, or have no effect Causes: Can be genetically inherited (ex: cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, tay-sachs, hemophilia, etc. etc. etc.) Environmental factors (ex: smoking, UV rays, chemicals, diet, etc. etc. etc.)

10. Supplemental Videos: What is DNA and How Does it Work? (5:23) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zwibgNGe4aY Why Don't We All Have Cancer? (9:22) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qja4z1HGDQo Mutations: The Potential Power of a Small Change(0:00-3:00) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GieZ3pk9YVo