1. Social Psychology Chapter 20 & 21 Review

3. Group Behavior When the desire to be part of a group prevents a person from seeing other alternatives.

4. Groupthink

5. Group Behavior When a person performs better in front of a group.

6. Social facilitation

7. Group Behavior Not doing your best in a group because you think others will do more

8. Social Loafing

9. Group Behavior When group attitudes become stronger after they discuss and act upon the shared attitudes.

10. Polarization

11. Group Behavior When a person is willing to do things with a group they would not do alone.

12. Risky Shift

13. Group Behavior Feeling you are less responsible when with a group

14. Diffusion of responsibility

15. Group Behavior Loss of self-awareness and self- restraint, and loss of sense of responsibility when in a group.

16. Deindividuation

18. Helping & Moral Behavior Sacrificing your own welfare to help another person.

19. Alturism

20. Helping & Moral Behavior Obviously neglecting someone needing help because of diffusion of responsibility.

21. Bystander Effect

22. Helping & Moral Behavior Any behavior that helps another person.

23. Prosocial Behavior

24. Helping & Moral Behavior This real life case study led to the theory of bystander effect.

25. Kitty Genovese Murder

26. Helping & Moral Behavior These experimenters tested helping behavior by faking an epileptic seizure.

27. Darley & Latane

29. Conformity & Obedience Found people would knowingly give the wrong answer to conform to the group.

30. Asch’s Line Experiment

31. Conformity & Obedience Unspoken or unwritten rules – you don’t pass gas in math class but you might when with friends.

32. Implicit Norms

33. Conformity & Obedience Guidelines for what people should or should not do in a situation

34. Social Norms

35. Conformity & Obedience Spoken or written rules – dress codes or traffic laws.

36. Explicit Norms

37. Conformity & Obedience Our the desire to be correct makes us more likely to conform

38. Informational social influence

39. Conformity & Obedience – Our desire to gain social acceptance and approval that causes us to conform

40. Normative social influence

41. Conformity & Obedience Found most people would obey an authority figure to do something hurtful to another if authority figure accepted responsibility.

42. Milgram’s Shock Experiment

43. Aggression Found good people will become aggressive in the right environment or when they buy into their roles

44. Zimbardo’s Prison Study

46. Social Perception People get what they deserve and they deserve what they get.

47. Just-World Bias

48. Social Perception Recent interactions with a person cause you to change your opinion about them.

49. Recency Effect

50. Social Perception “When I get good grades it is because I am smart. When I don’t it is because the teacher is bad.”

51. Self-Serving bias

52. Social Perception The mental processes used in making judgments about people.

53. Person perception

54. Social Perception First impressions are lasting impressions; dress up for a job interview.

55. Primacy Effect

56. Social Perception When you think a person is rude because the only time you saw the person was when they were impolite to another; forming a judgment on one behavioral observation.

57. Actor-Observer Bias

58. Social Perception Tendency to give too much weight to personality factors and not enough weight to situational factors when observing someone’s behavior.

59. Fundamental Attribution Error

60. Social Perception “When something bad happens it is always my fault. When something good happens it is luck.”

61. Self-Effacing Bias

62. Social Perception “She deserved to be mugged for being in that neighborhood after dark.” Their misfortune is their own fault.

63. Blaming the Victim

64. Social Perception Ignores a person’s unique qualities and makes a conclusion about a person based on limited information. Like to group people

65. Social Categorization

66. Social Perception We often explain our own behavior differently than we explain the behavior of other people; can lead to errors.

67. Attribution Theory

68. Social Perception Waitresses received higher tips when making change with their customers this way.

69. Physical Contact

71. Attitudes & Prejudice Positive or negative evaluation of a person, object or idea.

72. Attitudes

73. Attitudes & Prejudice Prejudice was overcome when groups cooperate to achieve a common goal.

74. Robbers Cave

75. Attitudes & Prejudice Blaming a complex problem on an undeserving group.

76. Scapegoat Theory

77. Attitudes & Prejudice After being discriminated against, a person may put down another group that is worse off in order to gain power.

78. Victimization

79. Attitudes & Prejudice Unfair treatment of a person because they are part of a particular group.

80. Discrimination

81. Attitudes & Prejudice Children will imitate their parents’ attitudes and parents will reinforce these attitudes in their children.

82. Social Learning

83. Attitudes & Prejudice Unjustifiable attitude towards a group or a member; usually negative.

84. Prejudice

85. Attitudes & Prejudice Belief that people with less money are lazy and do not work as hard.

86. Justifying Economic Status

87. Attitudes & Prejudice Oversimplified belief about a group that is certainly not true about all people in that group. Tall people are good basketball players.

88. Stereotype

89. Attitudes & Prejudice Tendency to favor one’s own group even at the expense of others.

90. Ingroup Bias

91. Attitudes & Prejudice Tendency to see people who are not part of our group as being very similar, when we see people of our own group as varied.

92. Out-Group Homogeneity Effect

93. Attitudes & Prejudice This experiment with school children showed how quickly ingroups and outgroups can be formed and how prejudice can influence one’s performance.

94. Jane Elliot’s Blue/Brown Eye Experiment