1. How does muckraking lead to actual reform, as seen around 1900?
essential questions:
How does muckraking lead to actual reform, as seen around 1900?
PART 1: PROGRESSIVE ERA MUCKRAKING

2. Progressive Era about 1890 to WWI (1917)
When?
related words:
about 1890 to WWI (1917)
Progressive
Era
description:
the time of a movement for progress to correct the problems of the Gilded Age

3. A muckraker is an investigative reporter who exposed problems during the Progressive Era.
McClure’s was the most famous magazine for muckrakers to publish their investigative reports.

4. consider:
How does the video affect the way that you think about the food that you eat?

5. example:
Jacob Riis attacked urban slums with his book, How the Other Half Lives.
We will look at some photographs taken for his book. Describe what problems he is exposing and how he exposed them in the space provided. The titles for each are written by Riis.

6. Dens of Death

7. A Flat in the Pauper's Barracks with All Its Furniture

8. It Costs a Dollar a Month to Sleep in These Sheds

9. Scene on the Roof of the Mott Street Barracks

10. Men's Lodging Room in the West 47th Street Station

11. A Seven-Cent Lodging House, Pell Street

12. Bohemian Cigarmakers at Work in Their Tenement

13. The Slide That Was the Children's Only Playground

14. Night School in the Seventh Avenue Lodging House

15. The Walls Began to Give

16. Use the pages given to complete the chart about the muckrakers
Use the pages given to complete the chart about the muckrakers. Notice the extra question for Upton Sinclair.
example:
muckraker
what problem he/she exposed
how he/she exposed the problem
Jacob Riis
Describe the pictures (pages in the text if absent) that he used in his book.
urban slums
wrote the book How the Other Half Lives

17. Ida Tarbell

18. Lincoln Steffens

19. Upton Sinclair

20. This causes the Meat Inspection Act to be passed.
excerpt from The Jungle
This causes the Meat Inspection Act to be passed.
“…old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerin, and dumped into the hoppers, and made over again for home consumption. There would be meat that had tumbled out on the floor, in the dirt and sawdust, where the workers had tramped and spit uncounted billions of consumption germs. There would be meat stored in great piles in rooms; and the water from leaky roofs would drip over it, and thousands of rats would race about on it. It was too dark in these storage places to see well, but a man could run his hand over these piles of meat and sweep off handfuls of the dried dung of rats. These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together… the meat would be shoveled into carts, and the man who did the shoveling would not trouble to lift out a rat even when he saw one – there were things that went into the sausage in comparison with which a poisoned rat was a tidbit.”

21. Modern Muckraking due by Friday:
You are to do some muckraking of your own and compare it to Progressive Era muckraking. Consider a problem in society that you think needs more exposure to get the public and the government to act on it.
CRITERIA
0 POINTS:
1 POINT:
2 POINTS:
3 POINTS:
muckraking
You have not exposed a problem.
Your muckraking is related to a modern problem, but does not discuss it much OR Your muckraking is not on a modern problem.
Your muckraking relates to a modern problem, but does not focus primarily on the problem (perhaps too much focus on a possible solution)
Your muckraking focuses on exposing the extent of a modern problem
comparison 1
You have not noted any accurate similarities of differences.
You have noted an inaccurate and/or completely insignificant similarity or difference between your muckraking and Progressive Era muckraking.
You have noted either an accurate and insignificant or a significant and somewhat inaccurate similarity or difference between your muckraking and Progressive Era muckraking.
You have noted an accurate and significant similarity or difference between your muckraking and Progressive Era muckraking.
other
Your muckraking is none of the following:
thorough
easy to interpret
on time
Your muckraking is one of the following:
Your muckraking is two of the following:
Thorough
Your muckraking is:

22. consider:
How can you, or anyone else, act to fix a problem in society once they realize how bad the problem is?
essential question:
How does muckraking lead to actual reform, as seen around 1900? PART 2: MUCKRAKING CAUSES REFORM

23. description of problems:
who / what exposed the extent of the problem:
what reform resulted:
Problem #1: Labor Problems
desperate immigrants keeping wages low
Problem #1: Labor
How can we describe the problems that labor (workers) faced?
desperate immigrants keeping wages low
others?

24. who / what exposed the extent of the problem:
labor unions (i.e. Samuel Gompers and the AFL)

25. Lewis Hine’s photographs of child workers

26. Some boys and girls were so small they had to climb up on to the spinning frame to mend broken threads and to put back the empty bobbins. Bibb Mill No. 1. Macon, Ga.

27. This is a young driver in the Brown mine. Has been driving one year
This is a young driver in the Brown mine. Has been driving one year. Works 7 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. daily. Brown, W. Va.

28. Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. 3 boys looked under 14
Young cigar makers in Engelhardt & Co. 3 boys looked under 14. Labor leaders told me in busy times many small boys and girls were employed. Youngsters all smoke. Tampa, Fla.

29. The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in
The overseer said apologetically, "She just happened in." She was working steadily. The mills seem full of youngsters who "just happened in" or "are helping sister." Newberry, S.C.

30. Richard Pierce, age 14, a Western Union Telegraph Co. messenger
Richard Pierce, age 14, a Western Union Telegraph Co. messenger. Nine months in service, works from 7 a.m. to 6 p.m. Smokes and visits houses of prostitution. Wilmington, Del.

31. newspapers’ coverage of the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
Triangle Shirtwaist Company

32. more images from the fire:

42. What reform took place?
some improved conditions and pay for workers, including safety laws
union membership,

43. child labor laws passed

44. Problem #2: urban slums What was the problem?
immigrants flood cities (overpopulation)
others?

45. Who/what led the way for reform?
Jacob Riis
the Social Gospel Movement (salvation through service to the poor)

46. What reform took place?
Jane Addams created the Hull House, a settlement house, to provide housing and other assistance to the poor

47. Problem #3: alcohol
What problems does alcohol cause?

48. Who/what led the way for reform?
Carrie Nation and others worked for prohibition (banning alcohol) by advertising dangers

49. What reform took place?
18th Amendment = prohibition

50. The Progressive Era formula
problem
+ muckraking (someone or something exposing the problem, leading citizens to demand change)
= reform
Now, create a formula for problems 2 and 3 in your groups. Be sure that the problem, muckraking, and solution all go together.
example for problem #1:
child labor
+ Lewis Hine
= child labor laws

51. Problem #4: women
What was the problem?
women could not vote
others?

52. Skim chapter 13, section 2 to fill in this portion of the chart.
Who/what led the way for reform?
What reform took place?
Skim chapter 13, section 2 to fill in this portion of the chart.

53. Who/what led the way for reform?
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought for women’s rights from the Seneca Falls Convention to the Progressive Era
Carrie Chapman Catt, left, represented the new conservative side of the women’s rights movement; Alice Paul was part of a more militant group of activists in the late 1800s.
Alice Paul and Lucy Burns organized a protest parad to coincide with President Wilson’s Inauguration in March 1913.

54. many also opposed women’s suffrage:

55. What reform took place?

56. Who/what led the way for reform?
Lincoln Steffens
Thomas Nast

57. Problem #5: government What was the problem?
elected officials helping “robber barons”

58. What reforms took place?
voters are given more power (i.e. 17th Amendment allows for direct election of senators)
votes directly for
votes for
chooses
U.S. Senators
state legislature

59. progressive politicians (i. e
progressive politicians (i.e. Robert LaFollette) replace the corrupt ones
Teddy Roosevelt, seen right, would tame the Tammany Tiger. Robert LaFollette, above, reformed Wisconsin’s state government.

60. The Progressive Era formula
problem
+ muckraking (someone or something exposing the problem, leading citizens to demand change)
= reform
Now, create a formula for problems 4 and 5 individually. Be sure that the problem, muckraking, and solution all go together.

61. Progressive Era Muckraking Reforms Review
One common mnemonic device (memory tool) is creating an acrostic. This is done by memorizing the first letter of each word in a phrase. Ideally, the first letters will form a real word or name, but may also form a nonsensical word. An example is below. Create two others based on the muckraking reformers of the Progressive Era.
example: J E T H R O
acob Riis
xposed
enements in
ow the Other Half Lives,
ead
ften