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Published byAngelica Dixon Modified over 9 years ago
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Dr. Jeff Amato Geological Sciences Rocks Igneous Rocks
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Themes for today: (1) Heat and the Earth (2) Melting processes (3) Differentiation (4) Igneous rock classification (5) Plate tectonics and igneous rocks
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How do we know the Earth is hot?
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Why is the Earth hot inside?
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(1) Early collisions create heat. Planetesimals Protostar Planetesimal ~1 km
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(2) Radioactive decay creates heat
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Geothermal Gradient Rate of T increase with depth
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Why is the Earth hot on the SURFACE?
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90%
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10%
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What controls heat loss? Radiation Conduction Convection
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Themes for today: (1) Heat and the Earth (2) Melting processes (3) Differentiation (4) Igneous rock classification (5) Plate tectonics and igneous rocks
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How to form magma: 1) Raise the temperature 2) Lower the pressure 3) Add water
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Phase Diagram for Water
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Melting dry rocks
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Melting wet rocks
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How to form magma: 1) Raise the temperature: CRUSTAL MELTING 2) Lower the pressure: DECOMPRESSION MELTING 3) Add water: HYDRATION MELTING
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Themes for today: (1) Heat and the Earth (2) Melting processes (3) Differentiation (4) Igneous rock classification (5) Plate tectonics and igneous rocks
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Igneous Rock Classification Ultramafic Mafic Intermediate Felsic
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From Ultramafic to Felsic…. Fe, Mg, Ca decreases Density decreases SiO 2 increases K, Na increases
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