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Bird Identification
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Special Characteristics of Birds
Excellent Vision BRIGHT COLORS ATTRACT MATES RAPTORS CAN SEE PREY MILES OFF Excellent hearing – INSTINCT FOR THE SPECIES SONGS LEARN VARIATIONS OLWS USE HEARING TO HELP FIND PREY IN THE DARK
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Special Characteristics of Birds
Warm blooded High energy demands!!! “Eat like a bird” – you eat a lot !! Need to keep eggs, young warm Feathers evolved first for insulation Most still just cover the bird’s body Later some feathers specialized for flight.
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Special Characteristics of Birds
High metabolism requires efficient respiratory system Air Flows through lungs Hollow bones to reduce weight Strong enough for flight, not for walking, etc. Flightless birds have heavier bones Typically do not store fat Too heavy for flight Need to eat all winter – many migrate
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Wing Shapes Long Narrow Short, Wide SOARING, GLIDING
Power flight, agility
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Hollow bones – strong and light
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Do birds have ears??? Can birds see in color??
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Feathers Made of keratin Grow in distinct groups
like our skin, nails and hair Grow in distinct groups All birds share these groupings of feathers Replaced in seasonal cycles Often before mating Have Breeding and Eclipsed Plumage types
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Feathers Species differ in color and outline of feather markings
Do not differ in shape or arrangement of feathers. Most important Flight Feathers are the Primaries and Secondaries, and Tail.
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Flight Feathers
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Feather groups:
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Flight Wren
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Forces for Flight
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Riding Thermals
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Hawks
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Specialized adaptations to habitat
Bill types for feeding Feet /leg types for Perching Wading Swimming Hunting
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Spoon bills – dabbling ducks
Filter out Plant debris
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Hooked bills Hunting by Birds of prey
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Long thin Sipping nectar
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Dagger Like – with sharp edges
Capture Fish Small prey
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Long thin - strong Hunt mud sand
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Conical – Strong for cracking seeds
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Hard dagger bill for pecking wood
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Thin dagger For catching Insects
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Webbed feet for water Swimming Wading Protected from heat loss
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Passerine Birds - Have talons that grasp branches.
Can sleep – perching on branches
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Other Feet types Climbing – nuthatch, woodpeckers
Hunting & Grasping– hawk, eagle talons Scratching- stir up insects in soil, leaf litter Running- Quail, Road Runner
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