1. Key Issue 1-Where Did Services Originate
Chapter 12-Services
Key Issue 1-Where Did Services Originate

2. Key Issue 1 Occurs in all societies, but more prevalent in MDCs
Types of Services
Consumer Services-provides services to customers
Retail and Wholesale Services
Education Services
Health Services

3. Services (continued) Leisure and Hospitality Services
Business Services
Financial Services-”FIRE”-financial, insurance, real estate
Professional Services
Transportation and Similar Services
Public Services

4. Contemporary Rural Settlements
Clustered rural settlements-# of families live in close proximity to each other
Dispersed rural settlements-farmers living on individual farms isolated from their neighbors
Circular or linear settlements
Colonial American Clustered Settlements

5. Enclosure Movement
British government changed rural landscape from clustered to dispersed settlements

6. Key Issue 2
Central place theory-market center for the exchange of goods
Hinterland-area surrounding service from which customers are attracted is known as this
Range of service-maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service, for example grocery store, video rentals, but they may be willing to go farther to go to a little league baseball game or concert
Does this make sense to you?

7. Threshold of a service
Threshold-what is the minimum number of people needed to support the service
Market Area Analysis-what is the profitability of a location, optimal location within a market
Gravity model-predicts optimal location of a service that is directly related to # of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it
See page 409-best location in a nonlinear settlement

8. Nesting of services and settlements
Diagram page 410
Rank-size rule-largest settlement in largest area (city), 2nd largest city is ½ the size of the largest, 4th largest is ¼ size of the largest and so on
Primate city-country’s largest city
Primate city rule-largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the 2nd ranking settlement (figure 12-9)

9. Key Issue 3 Ancient world cities
Earliest urban settlements-Ur in Mesopotamia
Ancient Athens-2500 B.C.-oldest Knossos on island of Crete
Ancient Rome
Medieval World Cities-figure 12-11

10. Modern World Cities
London, NYC, Tokyo

11. Key Issue 4 CBD-central business district-downtown areas typically
High land cost in CBD
Skyscrapers-think about Tokyo-can’t build out, must build up
Figure 12-19, page 426