1. Josef Vojtěch, Stanislav Šíma, Lada Altmannová, Miloslav Hůla, Jan Radil, Pavel Škoda www.cesnet.cz Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems czechlight.cesnet.cz vojtech (zavináč) cesnet (tečka) cz 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 1

2. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 2 Authors participate on following projects: Large infrastructure CESNET (www.cesnet.cz),www.cesnet.cz GÉANT, GN3 ( www.geant.net ) www.geant.net Presented content don’t necessarily represent an official opinion of mentioned institutions and projects Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

3. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 3 Outline Fibers Sharing Motivations Possible Approaches  Spatial Multiplex  Wavelength Multiplex Open Transmission Systems Photonic Transmission (incl. Real-time) Conclusions Q&A Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

4. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 4 Fibers Sharing - Motivations Fibers sharing – more transmission systems in operation over single fiber par Why!?: Demand for additional lambdas (incl. non-data with own supervisory channel) Simply no free fibers left New ground cable installation is expensive (e.g. 60 EUR/m in rural areas [1]) [1] S. Sima et al.: Deliverable D3.2v3 of Porta Optica project: Economic analysis, dark fibre usage cost model and model of operations http://www.porta- optica.org/publications/POS-D3.2_Economical_analysis.pdfhttp://www.porta- optica.org/publications/POS-D3.2_Economical_analysis.pdf Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

5. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 5 Fibers Sharing – Motivations Cont. Economical solution - although in case of fibers rental Annualized average cost of fiber rental: c f = 0.5 EUR/m/year [1] Annualized costs of transmission system (10Gbps) [1]: c t = 0.12 EUR/m/year for proprietary system c t = from 0.035 to 0.047 EUR/m/year for open systems Obviously 2.c t + c f < 2.c t + 2.c f Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

6. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 6 Fibers Sharing – Possible Approaches Spatial Multiplex Inter fiber Two single fiber bidirectional systems Intra fiber Few mode fiber Multicore fiber Wavelength Multiplex Band based Sub-band based Interleaved Free allocation of spectrum Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

7. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 7 Fibers Sharing – Spatial Multiplex Inter Fiber Two single fiber systems, each over one fiber Excellent systems isolation Limited to 2 systems Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

8. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 8 Fibers Sharing – Single Fiber Transmission Sharing of single fiber between directions typically on wavelength base Proven technology, commercially available and in operation In CESNET2 over 905km of single fiber with DWDM system Transmission system price increase Less than 0.0015 EUR/m/year [1] Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

9. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 9 http://www.ces.net/netreport/CESNET2_IP_MPLS_backbone_utilization/Plzen%20-%3E%20Cheb/index.html Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems

10. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 10 Fibers Sharing – Spatial Multiplex Intra Fiber Few mode fiber (3, 5,...) Multicore fiber Still under development – known issues: xtalk, coupling/decoupling, splicing, connectors, amplification (EDFA/Raman) Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems source: C. Koebele et al.: 40km Transmission of Five Mode Division Multiplexed Data Streams at 100Gb/s with low MIMO-DSP Complexity, ECOC 2011 PDP Th.12.C3

11. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 11 Fibers Sharing – Wavelength Multiplex Wavelength Multiplex Band based Sub-band based Interleaved Free allocation Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

12. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 12 Wavelength Multiplex Based on whole transmission bands Single vendor - C and L proven, S still limited Arrangement of management channels Interaction through Raman scattering Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems Source: Cisco

13. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 13 Wavelength Multiplex Sub-band based Interleaved Free allocation Arrangement of management channels – complicated Interaction XPM and FWM, vs. guard-bands Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

14. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 14 Open Photonic Transmission Systems Free (SW) – freedom to use, study or modify; not necessarily for free Open (SW) – openness for community development, freedom of redistribution Differences small, but not exactly same classes Commercial SW – proprietary or free (e.g. Red Hat) Free/Open source hardware Designed and offered in the same way as SW Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

15. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 15 Open Photonic Transmission Systems Obvious success of open/free SW Open/free approach in networking exists Plenty of smaller project, e.g. open routers Big players - Network OS JUNOS (based on Free BSD) opened in 2007 Open transmission system developed in CESNET Open transmission system Owner/operator can system actively modify and improve - fast development of new features/services Freedoms preserved Freedom to use on own, study or modify Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

16. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 16 Photonic Transmission Services To allow also non-data transmissions To support true real time applications Low and fixed latency – propagation only Preferably no OEO Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

17. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 17 Photonic Transmission Services High performance and high speed data transmission need not to be real-time. Real-time has to do with timeliness constraints Present network usually support non-real-time services, i.e. no timeliness constraints are defined Examples (best-effort not acceptable): Real time system control in industry and transport, vehicle control Radio frequency over fibre (signals from radio locator, sonar, etc.) Remote instrument control, telescope control HD Videoconferencing and multicast with quality guaranty Real time earthquake monitoring and emergency networks Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

18. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 18 Photonic Transmission Services Examples: Multi-channel low-latency video transmissions for 4K/2K and 3D HD applications in medicine, engineering (CAVE-to-CAVE) and audiovisual processing Surgery broadcast: http://www.ces.net/doc/press/2010/pr100304.html Remote robotic surgery (da Vinci robot) - distance 130 km, delay less 1 ms, truly real-time 3D Full HD stereo broadcast http://www.ces.net/doc/press/2010/pr100618.html Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

19. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 19 Photonic Transmission Services Precise time transfer - comparison of atomic clock scales Prague (UFE) and Vienna (BEV) Distance 520 km, accuracy under 1 ns (1 ns ≈ 30 cm in vacuum or 20 cm in fibre)‏ http://www.pttimeeting.org/archivemeetings/2010papers/paper33.pdf http://www.ces.net/doc/press/2010/pr100401.html Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

20. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 20 Precise Time Transfer Demo Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

21. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 21 Conclusions Fibre sharing – works with some proprietary systems from one vendor (C+L) Need to verify it for different vendors Open system are suitable candidate (OO, OP) Photonic services operational Development and accuracy improvement Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

22. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 22 Acknowledgement Jan Gruntorád, Miroslav Karásek, Martin Míchal, Jan Nejman, Václav Novák, Karel Slavíček, Vladimír Smotlacha Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

23. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 23 Thank You for kind attention! Questions? vojtech (zavináč) cesnet (tečka) cz Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

24. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 24 References 1 [2] Petr Holub, Josef Vojtech, Jan Radil, et. a l., „Pure Optical (Photonic) Multicast“, GLIF 2007 Demo, Prague, 2007. [3] Jan Radil, Stanislav Šíma, „ Customized Approaches to Fibre- based E2E Services“, TERENENA 1st E2E Workshop, Amsterdam, 2008. [4] Stanislav Šíma, et. al., „ LTTx: Lightpaths to the application, From GOLEs to dispersed end users “, GLIF 200 8 Workshop, Seattle WA, 2008. [5] Josef Vojt ě ch, Jan Radil, „Transparent all optical switching devices in CESNET“, 25th APAN meeting, Honolulu HI, 2008. [6] Radil J., Vojtěch J., Karásek M., Šíma S.: Dark Fibre Networks and How to Light Them, 4th Quilt Optical Networking Workshop, Fort Lauderdale FL, 2006. Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems

25. 21. 10. 2011 OK 2011 25 References 2 [7] czechligh.cesnet.cz, Publications [8] Global Lambda Integrated Facility, http://www.glif.ishttp://www.glif.is [9] Vojtěch J., „CzechLight and CzechLight amplifiers“. In: 17 th TF-NGN meeting, Zurych, Switzerland, April 2005 Sharing of Fibers by Transmission Systems Open Photonic Transmission Systems