1. The Cell Theory!

2. Leeuwenhoek ▫Used a simple microscope ▫First to see cells!

3. Robert Hooke Used a compound microscope Looked at cork- saw  This reminded him of rooms in a monastery so he called them “cells.”

4. T. Schwann Sounds like __________ ▫Swan! Concluded that all animals were made of cells.

5. M. Schleiden Concluded all plants were made of cells

6. Summary *Hooke*Schwann*Schleiden Cells Animals Plants

7. All those scientists contributed to: The Cell Theory

8. What is a theory? A broad explanation that is testable, and has been proved by multiple researchers. Components of it can be changed or improved upon, without changing the overall truth of the theory as a whole.

9. First Part of the Cell Theory All living things are made of ▫cells They are either: ▫Unicellular-  Consisting of only ONE cell ▫Multicelluar-  Consisting of MANY cells.

10. Second Part of the Cell Theory A cell is the basic unit of life. Cells  Tissue  Organ  Organ system  Organism! The beginning unit is always what? ▫A CELL!

11. Third Part of the Cell Theory All cells come from pre-existing cells. Muscle Skin Muscle

12. INTRO TO CELLS You will need a separate sheet of paper to take additional notes.

13. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/9699- cells-and-genetics-cell-theory-video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/9699- cells-and-genetics-cell-theory-video.htm

14. Intro to Cells! Cell organelles: “tiny organs” Most important nucleus!

15. Organelles we will be very familiar with! Nucleus** ▫Nucleolus Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough and smooth) Ribosomes** Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Plasma (cell) membrane** Vesicles Mitochondria** Cytoplasm (cytosol) Cytoskeleton ▫Centrioles Vacuoles Chloroplasts** Cell Wall**

17. Two categories of cells: Prokaryotes No nucleus Majority are unicellular Simple- 1-2 organelles 1 job at a time Bacteria (eu- and archaea-)only Eukaryotes Nucleus Majority are multicellular Complex- 10-12 organelles Good at Multitasking Plants/animals/fungi/ protists **THEY BOTH HAVE DNA AND RIBOSOMES!!!**

18. PROKARYTIC CELLS LACK MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES Escherichia coli (E. coli)

19. Prokaryotic Cell

20. Animal Plant Fungi Protist Eukaryotic Cells

21. Semi (selectively) Permeable Semi- ▫Some Selectively- ▫ choosey Permeable- ▫allows to pass Selectively Permeable- ▫chooses what it allows to pass through (Does this by active and passive transport).

22. Cell Membrane AKA “Plasma Membrane” AKA phospholipid bilayer  The outer boundary of a cell- skin Job: ▫To maintain homeostasis  To regulate what goes in and out of a cell What is homeostasis? ▫Internal balance- keeping things happy

23. PROTEIN MOLECULE LIPID BILAYER PROTEIN MOLECULE CARBOHYDRATE PROTEIN MOLECULE

25. Water- loving (outside of cell- touches water) Water- fearing (inside of sandwich- never touches water) A. B.

26. POLAR HEADS NONPOLAR TAILS

27. Fluid Mosaic Model* Fluid  Flexible Mosaid  different parts Model  representation

29. Function of: Proteins in the membrane: ▫Transport molecules in and out of the cell. Lipids in the membrane: ▫Creates a barrier between the cell and the watery environment that is surrounding. Carbohydrates in the membrane: ▫Chemical signals and cell communication

30. … HAVE DNA AS THEIR GENETIC MATERIAL (nucleus=euk or nucleoid=prok) … HAVE A CELL MEMBRANE … HAVE RIBOSOMES … HAVE CYTOPLASM ALL CELLS…

31. http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/6051- cells-cell-walls-and-cell-membranes-video.htmhttp://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/6051- cells-cell-walls-and-cell-membranes-video.htm