1. COMET HYDROMET 99-2

2. Enhancements to PPS Build 10 (Nov. 1998) –Terrain Following Hybrid Scan –Graphical Hybrid Scan –Adaptable parameters appended to DPA Open Systems RPG –Radar Echo Classifier –Range Correction –Mean Field Bias Correction

3. Radar Precipitation Estimation Stage II and III Processing HDP 4 km res. Stage II WHFS Flash Flood Monitoring and Prediction Stage III WFO RFC Rain gages

4. Stage II Processing for individual radars 4 km resolution on HRAP grid 131 x 131 array

5. Stage II Mean field bias adjustment multisensor gage/radar merging gage only analysis

6. Stage II processing Generally run once per hour at H+15 mins for each radar using hourly rainfall ending at H+00 min Updated every hour to incorporate late arriving gage data by (H+1:15,H+2:15 etc)

8. Automated QC of HDP Data Removal of HRAP bin data that are consistently bad (e.g. Mountain blockage or ground clutter contamination) Removal of bin data contaminated by anomolous propagation (AP) though use of GOES IR satellite and surface temperature data Removal of outlier bin data (R > threshold)

9. Mean Field Bias Adjustment Attempts to account for uniform errors over the entire field such as radar calibration, improper Z-R relationship Bias is a function of current and previous hours bias Memory span parameter indicates how many hours to look into the past when determining the current bias

10. Mean Field Bias Adjustment

11. Single Optimal Estimation

12. Stage II Multisensor Rainfall Field Generation

13. Stage II

14. Stage III Mosaics Stage II multisensor rainfall estimates on to larger HRAP grid Interactive Quality Control Can be used as main input into hydrologic models through (MAPX)

15. Stage III Mosaic In areas that where more than one radar overlaps forecaster has choice: –mean value of overlapping bins –maximum value of overlapping bins If multisensor field is not available for a given area, the gage only field is used

16. Stage III interactive features Display geographic overlays Time Lapse Zoom Display and Edit Gages Add pseudo gages Delete AP Re-run Stage II and re-mosaic

18. Important Adaptable Parameters Memory Span (1-1000) –controls responsiveness of bias adjustment Indicator Cross Correlation Coefficient (0-1) –controls how good radar verses gage is at indicating where it is raining Conditional Cross Correlation Coefficient (0-1) –controls how good radar verses gage is at indicating amount of rainfall

19. Case Study Site: ABRFC Study impact of varying adaptable parameters Vary ICC (0-1) Vary CCC(0-1) Compare with 24 hour co-op gages Compare forecast with observed hydrograph

29. WATTS RADAR ONLY WITH NO BIAS ADJUSTMENT

30. WATTS GAGE ONLY

31. WATTS RADAR ONLY WITH BIAS ADJUSTMENT

32. WATTS MULTISENSOR ESTIMATE

33. RFC-WIDE PPS Mosaic of data from lowest available height Radar Climatology used to define blocked areas Satellite and Model Data to delineate clear air AP No radar data taken from above freezing level used SOE to fill in missing areas using available gages and surrounding good radar data PRISM data used to scale estimates in missing areas

34. PBZ Total Rainfall Summer Months

35. Summer Coverage

36. PBZ Total Rainfall Winter Months

37. Winter coverage

38. FCX frequency of rainfall

39. FCX Coverage