1. Copyright Consideration for Digitization Initiatives Dick Kawooya School of Information Sciences University of Tennessee dkawooya@utk.edu Supported by the Open Society Institute with the Contribution of the International Policy Fellowships of OSI – Budapest

2. Overview... A.Digitization B.Copyright overview C.Copyright and Digital/Electronic environment D.Uganda's context – Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2006

3. A.Digitization ● Analogue (print) to digital Activities: scanning, digital photography, photocopying – digital

4. Digitization... ● Born digital Activities: word processing, photography, audio-video recording, etc

5. B.Copyright overview ● Property akin to physical property  Works of intellectual nature (intellectual effort)  Intangible property (Intellectual Property – IP)  Expressive forms NOT ideas (fixation)  Originality test – 'new' forms

6. Copyright... ● Copyright paradox ( Reward creativity vs. access )!  Reward creativity and innovation Bundle of exclusive rights (moral &/or economic) ● Reproduction (scanning, emailing, ● Distribution ● Public performance (exhibition, communication to public) ● Adaptation ● Translation ● Integrity, attribution, acknowledgment Monopolistic- private rights/interests to rights-holders

7. Copyright... ● Paradox!  Access to furthering innovation & creativity – no permission from rights-holders  Public access - education, research, access to information (right to information)

8. Copyright... Limitations and exceptions (L&E) to exclusive rights  Fair use/dealing (copying, quotation-private study)  Access for persons with disabilities  Parallel importation  Access to 'orphaned works' (not easily accessible)

9. Copyright... ● L & E  Distance education  Public information  Public broadcasting (news reporting)  Compulsory licensing, etc

10. C.Copyright and Digitize Environment Digitizing: – ● Creating artifacts or digital/electronic resources ● Access & use of resultant resources/databases Creating Artifacts : ➔ Making copies/versions (range of exclusive rights) ➔ Permissible actions (exclusive rights) - e.g. digitizing orphaned works

11. Copyright and Digitize Enviro... Access & use (e-resources - service) ➔ Permissible actions - ➔ Additional protection (Digital Rights Management - DRMs & Technological Protection Measures-TPMs) ➔ Contracts (databases/e-resources) superseding copyright L & Es (Fair use/dealing) ➔ Third party/contributory liabilities (who is responsible/liable for actions carried out on facilities, premises, etc) – university/library as a service provider

12. Copyright & Digital Envor... ● Open Access & Open Content ● Open Access – freely available ● Open Content – non-exclusive licensing schemes:  Open Content Licenses ● Creative Commons license (CC)

13. D.Uganda's context – Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2006 ● Act updated The Copyright Act 1964 (Cap. 215) ● Database rights – databases protected ● Collective Rights Management – collecting societies (libraries/education institutions – payment for copying) ● Criminal Sanctions – for infringing activities

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