1. The Scientific Revolution

2. Characteristics of the Scientific Revolution  It was a slow movement.  Full of good/ bad ideas.  Only involved a few hundred scientists.  The new science was not isolated to a few brilliant minds.  Assessed the validity of knowledge.

3. Nicholas Copernicus  Wrote “On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres” where he laid the foundation for the heliocentric theory.  Polish priest and astronomer 1473- 1543.

4. Tycho Brahe  Danish astronomer 1546- 1601  Compiled a lot of astronomical data which would be foundations for later theories.

5. Johannes Kepler  Pupil of Brahe  German Astronomer 1571- 1630  Ellipses

6. Galileo  Italian Mathematician 1564-1642  Famous works “Starry Messenger” and “Letters on Sunspots”  A universe subject to mathematical laws

7. Isaac Newton  English Scientist 1642-1727  “Principia Mathematica”  All objects have a force of attraction between each other (gravity).

8. Margaret Cavendish  Believed in equality of women  Wrote such works as “The Fascination of Instruments”

9. Trial of Galileo  Scripture should be read to accommodate the new sciences.  His actions and writings angered the Roman Catholic Church.  Mocked the popes  Placed under house arrest

10. Overturned in 1992

11. Blaine Pascal  French mathematician and scientist  Associated with the Jansenists  There was a happy medium between reason and faith/ religion.

12. Witches

13. Superstition  Europeans were always preoccupied with death, sin, and the devil.  1400-1700: 70-100k “witches” killed.  Belief in magic  80% were women (widows, midwives, healers & herbalists).