1. Plant Evolution
“If you are not a microbe and not animal, then you are most likely a plant”
-Biology4kids.com

2. Actual Plant Evolution
Closest Common Ancestor to Plants:
Multicellular Algae
Protist Evolution:
-Heterotrophic (Amoeba)
-Unicellular and Autotrophic (Euglena/Diatoms)
-Multicellular and Autotrophic (Typical Algae)
So if Algae can be multicellular, what makes it a plant?
Apical Meristem promotes growth
Multicellular Embryo
Alternation of Generations

3. Evolution of a Multicellular Embryo

4. Protists--Very Diverse!

5. Evolution of Eukaryotic Cells
Endosymbiosis
Evidence:
DNA
Reproduce by Binary Fission
Size
Double Membranes

6. Endosymbiosis

7. What do Charophycean algae and plants have in common?
Homologous chloroplasts (they are green!)
Cellulose Cell Walls
Peroxisomes
Homologous Sperm
Molecular similarities (DNA)

8. Evolution of Main Groups of Plants

9. On your own
Review:
Alternation of Generations
Reproductive Tissues

10. Plant Organization
Organs
Tissues
Cells

11. Let’s look at some of the plant basics…
In plants, there are three major types of organs:
Leaves
Roots
Shoots
Note details in diagram about roots and shoots

12. Modified Roots and Shoots

13. Modified Leaves

14. good things come in threes
In plants, there are three types of tissues:
Dermal
Cuticle--adaptation
Vascular
Xylem & Phloem
Ground
Key Functions

15. In plants, there are three types of cells
Parenchyma - think “parent” (along with metabolic functions)
Collenchyma - weak walls, growth
Sclerenchyma -thick walls, support, DEAD

16. Details of a Leaf
Look at the leaf as an organ and identify tissue and cell types.

17. Unity and Diversity: Angiosperms

18. Observations and Analysis in Lab notebooks
Introduction—What is the role of the leaf and how is it organized to perform the function of photosynthesis.
Observations and Analysis--
Wet mount of stomata. Label guard cells and identify purpose of stomatat.
Prepared leaf slide. Label and provide purpose of each tissue type.
Label: Epidermis (collenchyma), cuticle, mesophyll, palisade parencyhma, spongy parenchyma, vascular bundle (schlerenchyma)
Monocot and Dicot stem
Compare and contrast the vascular tissue and be able to recognize the difference.
Then make a chart in your lab notebook showing the 5 major differences between monocots and dicots.
Conclusion: Describe how the organization of a leaf allows for the emergence of the funciton of photosynthesis.

19. Additional Resources on Plant Diversity
Book: Chapter 35-38; Chapter 28-30
Private Life of Plants: Putting Down Roots ???When???
Friday:
Photosynthesis: Chapter 10