2. A.Definition of Taxonomy: The science of naming organisms and classifying them into groups B.The need for classification Provides a universal language so scientists can communicate globally Groups organisms to show evolutionary relationships I. Taxonomy

3. C. How do we classify? Taxonomists look for similarities in physical features called homologous structures. Taxonomists look for similarities in biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and amino acid sequences. I. Taxonomy

4. A. The Levels of Classification II. Biological Classification Levels Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Example Continent Country State County City Street # Scientific Example Animalia Chordata Mammalia Primates Hominidae Homo sapiens King Philip Came Over For Great Sandwiches

5. B. The Levels of Classification II. Biological Classification This illustration shows the classification of the grizzly bear from kingdom to species Figure 15-5,Biology

6. C. Naming Organisms II. Biological Classification Father of Taxonomy a.Developed by Carolus Linnaeus and is known as binomial nomenclature b.The rules: Scientific names have two parts: Genus and species  Homo sapien (human)  Felis domesticus (cat) Capitalize Genus, but not species Underline or put in italics

7. A.Kingdom Eubacteria Larger of the two bacteria kingdoms Organisms are prokaryotes (cells do not have a nucleus nor membrane enclosed organelles) Organisms have carbohydrates in cell wall Populations are widespread and diverse Example: cyanobacteria (blue-green bacteria) III. The Six Kingdom System

8. B. Kingdom Archaebacteria Organisms are prokaryotes Organisms do NOT have carbohydrates in cell wall Organisms live in harsh environments:  anaerobic (no oxygen) mud  digestive tract of animals  extremely hot or salty water III. The Six Kingdom System

9. C. Kingdom Protista Organisms are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus and membrane enclosed organelles) Organisms are single-celled or multicellular Organisms are animal, plant, or fungus-like protists Examples: Amoeba, Diatoms and algae III. The Six Kingdom System

10. D. Kingdom Fungi Organisms are eukaryotes with cell walls Organisms are heterotrophic (obtains energy from the food it eats) Examples: mushrooms, mold, and yeast III. The Six Kingdom System

11. E. Kingdom Plantae Organisms are eukaryotes and multicellular Cells are surrounded by cell walls Organisms are autotrophic (make their own food through photosynthesis) Examples: plants, mosses, and ferns III. The Six Kingdom System

12. F. Kingdom Animalia Organisms are multicellular with eukaryotic cells that lack cell walls Organisms are heterotrophic Organisms reproduce sexually Examples: fish, insects, mammals III. The Six Kingdom System