1. PEAP ： L8 The Role of US in the Cold War Period Shunji Cui Department of Political Science School of Public Affairs Zhejiang University Email: ssjcui@zju.edu.cn

2. Background and Questions  Paradoxes of East Asia  The impact and continuing influence of the US – mean: traditional security – interstate wars, domestic conflicts – should be the main concern in the region;  But, since the end of Vietnam war, no major wars and conflicts occurred in the region  Some states, Japan, even downplaying state function of military security  prefer comprehensive security  Qs:  Physically the US is not located in Asia, but what makes the US so powerful that we need to consider it in the context of a discussion about East Asia?  How has its influence been manifested in the region?  What is the nature of US hegemony?

3. East Asia: In the CW Period  Divided into 2 opposing camps -- Communist v. Capitalist  No Contact between the two camps  The Communist camp:  Soviet style of centrally planed economy  The Capitalist Camp  The Hub and Spoke system  No multilateralism in East Asia   No meaningful regional International Society existed in EA.

4. US Allies in Asia America has deepened its bilateral alliances with:  Japan, South Korea, Australia, Thailand and the Philippines  Taiwan  de facto ally.  It maintains a close security relationship with Singapore, a long-standing partnership with Malaysia, and is re-forging ties with Indonesia.

5. Pacific Political Map US Troops & Allies: SK: 28,500 Japan: 30,000 Taiwan Philippines Thailand Indonesia Singapore Malaysia Russia China North Korea Laos Vietnam Cambodia

6. The Cold War and US Involvement of Asia  From ‘isolationist’ to hegemonic leadership  Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor  CCP’s triumphant over KMT in the Chinese civil war  PRC 1949-  The Korean War (1950-53)  The Truman Doctrine and Communist Containment  The Yoshida Doctrine  The San Francisco System and Japan’s Security Policy

7. The Nature of US Hegemony  Hegemony – in general, refers to the dominance of an individual country at a particular historical moment.  Realists –  emphasizes the possession and pursuit of material power,  The likely conflict that this implies (hegemonic v. rising power)  Liberals –  Not only for military domination, but also in creating specific international economic order.  In the context of Cold War, and ideological competition.

8. US Hegemony: Ideology v. Interests  Ideological considerations  Post-war European reconstruction, Marshall Aids  Supporting Asian allies, Japan, SK, T,,,.  Communist containment  Interests, and security considerations  Tolerance of un-democratic, authoritarian dictatorships, eg, SK, Taiwan.

9. The US Domination  Security  Through alliance system  Military presence  Economy  Open US market  Asymmetric interactions

10. US Hegemony in Comparison: in Europe and in Asia  Multilateralism v Bilateralism  Identity and Interests  Why is there no NATO in Asia?  Hemmer and Katzenstein (2002):  US-Europeans  equal partners  US-Asian  superior v. inferior relations  Identity of Regional Actors  Ideational/ideological differences between the US and Asians

11. Implications for Regional Developments: I 1. Heavily depending on outside power == “overlay” situation 2. History Issues remain as not well dealt 3. No emerging regional collective identity 4. As an International Society == weak

12. Implications for Regional Developments: II  Regionalism and multilateralism in East Asia in 1990s  Security Considerations, esp. the continuing US role in Asia  Economic Consideration  Leadership Problem  Sovereignty issues  Rise of China