2. Kingdom (?) Protista General Characteristics Most diverse kingdom, contains organisms that cannot be classified in other kingdoms Eukaryotes with little or no cell specialization Trophism - Hetero- or autotrophic

3. Kingdom Protista General Characteristics Growth pattern – unicellular (most), colonial, or multi-cellular / filamentous

4. Kingdom Protista General Characteristics Habitat – watery environments: aquatic (freshwater or marine), terrestrial (moist), host or vector (parasitic)

5. Kingdom Protista General Characteristics Reproduction Asexual: many use binary fission, some use multiple fission (more than two offspring produced); fragmentation & regeneration Binary fission video in Euglena – Utube Binary fission video – Paramecium - UTube

6. Kingdom Protista General Characteristics Reproduction Sexual – many use conjugation (four genetically different offspring produced) Paramecium conjugation  exchange of micronuclei

7.  conjugation tubes  Zygotes develop into thick walled, resistant zygospores.

8. Alternation of Generations – Multicellular Algae *Draw this on your notes! * * Mitosis used in every step except formation of spores. *

9. Kingdom Protista Evolution Similarities to bacteria suggest evolution from prokaryotes through endosymbiosis or in-folding Resemble the likely ancestors of animals, plants, and fungi, which are multicellular and have a higher degree of cell specialization (many tissues & organs)

10. Kingdom Protista - Classification Three large categories/sub- kingdoms based mainly on trophism: animal-like plant-like fungus-like

11. Photosynthetic Protists Symbioses with Cnidarians Some anemones, corals, and jellyfish have symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae )