1. Situation of Children with Intellectual Disability in Ethiopia

2. Presentation Layout I.Understanding Children with Intellectual Disability II.Prevalence and etiological issues III.Developmental effects of intellectual disability IV.Educational situation of (CwIDs) V.Early identification & intervention practices

3. 1. Understanding CwIDs 1.2 CwIDs:AAMR/Definition 1. Intellectual limitations 2. Limitation in adaptive skills 3. Manifests under age 18

4. 1.2 AAMR/Definition 1.Intellectual limitations Mild IQ : 50 to 70 Moderate IQ :35 to 49 Severe IQ :20 to 34 Profound IQ : < 20

5. 1.2 AAMR/Definition 2.Limitation in adaptive skills in two or more of the following: Communication & Self-care Health & safety Functional academics Leisure and work

6. 1.2 AAMR/Definition 3.Manifests before age 18 Manifested during childhood period

7. 2. Educational understanding CwIDs Learning characteristics  Educable  Trainable  Supportable  Life support/Self-care training

8. 3. Causes of intellectual disability 2.1 Organic/Physiological Factors  Hereditary (genetic) & hormonal & Metabolic disorders such as : Cretinism(Hypothyroidism) Down’s syndrome Hydrocephaly Microcephaly

9. 3. Causes of intellectual disability 2.2 Cultural-Familiar Factors Environmental influences such as : Child Management Malnutrition Psychosocial deprivation Labor complication at delivery Accident(falling down) Severe punishment etc

10. 4. Onset of intellectual disability in Ethiopia First 6 years of life At birth 4 months – 2 years 3 – 6 yearsUnidentified 23 %27 %12 %58%

11. 5. Causes of ID in Ethiopia

12. 6.Developmental profiles of CwIDs 6.1 Cognitive and Language Learning Characteristic Limitations on attention span, pace of learning, memory, transfer of learning, comparing, imitation, speech and language development etc.

13. 6. Developmental Profile of CwIDs 6.2 Physical/Motor Characteristics  Body awareness in space  Basic physical abilities(flexibility, agility, balance & endurance)  Sequential patterns of movement  Eye-hand coordination  Eye-foot coordination

14. . 6.Developmental profiles of CwIDs 6.3. Social-emotional  Inter-individual variation  No particular emotional behavior  Poor judgment  Agressive  Inappropriate behavior

15. 6.Developmental profiles of CwIDs 6.4 Adaptive behaviors in schools Lack of school coping behaviors related to attention to learning tasks, Poor social & language skills Poor self-care skills in personal hygiene and dress, poor maintenance personal belongings, and poor mobility in and about the school.

16. 7. Educational Situation of CwIDs

17. 8. Early Intervention Programs Focus on: Home-based support School-based support

18. QUESTIONS TO PONDER How do people in your community perceive persons with ID? (Anthropology) How do you understand mental illness and intellectual disability ? What are their specific features? (Psychology) Discuss the social and interpersonal relations of children with intellectual disability (ID). (Social work and international relations)

19. QUESTIONS TO PONDER 1. Discuss the cognitive and academic characteristics of children with intellectual disability. (Education & Pedagogy) 2. Discuss about the adaptive behavior and language development of children with intellectual disability. (Language)

20. QUESTIONS TO PONDER How does motor dysfunction affect the social and interpersonal relationship of children? What do you understand by barrier free environment? Consider the school and home environment?

21. Thank You !!