1. Honors Biology Chapter 2.1 – 2.7 Population Ecology

2. Individual One organism Ex: Canis lupus, 1 Wolf

3. Population A group of one species living in an area Ex: 1000 foxes in Kendall Co.

4. Population Density The number of individuals per unit area Ex: 6 wolves/km 2

5. What is the density of house sparrows? 1 square km

6. What is the density of white-tailed deer? 1 square km

7. The pattern of spacing among individuals Clumped, Uniform, Random Population Dispersion

8. Population Growth Positive Population Change Natality: birth rate Immigration: entering Negative Population Change Mortality: death rate Emigration: leaving

9. Exponential Growth Under ideal conditions with unlimited resources, the larger a population gets, the faster it grows.

10. Logistic Growth Eventually populations run out of space and resources

11. Carrying Capacity The maximum number of individuals the environment can support

12. Population Size Limitations Density Dependent Factors Limitations of a population due to the size of the population Density Independent Factors Limitations of a population with no relationship to the size of the population

13. Density Dependent Factors Competition Food, water, shelter, space Predation Disease Parasites, illness

14. Density Independent Factors Natural Disasters Tornado, Hurricane, Volcanism, etc. Temperature Human Activities

15. Honors Biology Chapter 2.8 - 2.12 Human Population Problem

16. 7000 BCE world population: ~7 million people

17. 4000 BCE world population: ~20 million people

18. 1000 BCE world population: ~50 million

19. 1800 CE world population: ~ 900 million

20. Human Population History

23. If exponential growth continues… In 573 years… 1 person/m 2 on Earth In 1546 years… mass of humanity = mass of the earth No exponential growth can continue indefinitely

24. Planet Earth’s carrying capacity ~10 billion people This might be reached by 2050

25. Estimated Human Pop. Growth

26. Limiting Factors of Human Pop. Food, Water, Shelter All come from the environment

30. Easter Island Mystery Remote, 163km 2 island ~2,000mi off coast of Chile A group of people arrived by boats around 1100CE By 1600’s, population rose to ~15,000 people

31. Easter Island Mystery In 1722, Spanish arrived and only 2,000 people remained 21 species of trees & 30 species of birds  extinct Fell to only 111 people in 1877 Diseases from Europeans