1. AP Gov. Chapter 6

2. Public Opinion and Political Action Census-every 10 years-Const.- Reapportionment Minority Majority ◦ Hisp 15% ◦ African Amer. 13% ◦ Asian Amer. 5% ◦ Native Amer. 1%

3. (cont.) Political Culture-overall set of values Political Ideology-beliefs about politics, public policy and public purpose ◦ Americans are thinking less ideological (decline of parties more split ticket voting)

4. Changes Regional shifts Greying of America

5. Political Socialization Family Religion Mass Media School (mostly nuts and bolts, though) *Participation rises with age

6. Public Opinion-how people feel Polling ◦ Sample ◦ Random Sample ◦ Sampling Error ◦ Random Digit Dialing ◦ Exit Poll

7. Types of Opinion Saliency ◦ Care more about certain issues (Union Workers) Stability ◦ Steadiness of issue (abortion steady/Pres. Approval not steady) Policy Congruence ◦ Level of connect between Gov. action and public opinion (Congress 1, Pres. 2 and SC 3)

8. Liberals and Conservatives Liberals ◦ Young ◦ People of Less Clout ◦ Women ◦ Minorities (blacks more than hispanics-religion) ◦ Less Religious Conservatives ◦ Old ◦ More Clout ◦ Men ◦ White (Asian minority exception) ◦ Religious *Gender gap reflects differences on size of Gov., guns, reproductive rights, gay rights and social programs **College tends to have liberalizing effect

9. Political Participation Conventional ◦ Voting/volunteering/running for office Unconventional ◦ Protest or civil disobedience/violence *Race and economics plays a part **Social class less important in the U.S. (rags to riches) ***Political Elite-disproportionate amount of valued resource

10. Political Efficacy Efficacy-knowledge Political Efficacy-knowledge of politics Internal Efficacy-belief in one’s own ability to take part in politics External Efficacy-belief that the political system will respond to citizens (going down especially at Fed. Level)