1. AFNR – BAS – 8 How is biotechnology used in agriculture?

2. Biotechnology
Using biological processes to get new or better plants and animals. All of the applied operations in producing food, fiber, and shelter
Synthetic Biotech – Creating life characteristics with chemicals

3. Biotech in Agriscience
Developing and using new forms of plant and animals
Modifying plants and animals to improve their life processes
Making substances from natural biological processes
Improving the quality and kind of foods

4. Issues in Biotech Uncertainty Dangers in new life forms
Keep organisms natural
Unhealthy food
Harm to handlers
Labeling
Ethics of joining plants and animals
Lack of information

5. Two major areas of biotech
Organismic level
Organismic biotechnology deals with intact or complete organisms
Molecular

6. Cloning Process of asexually reproducing organisms
Plant tissue culture
propagating plants using single cells or small groups of cells
Embryo splitting
When an embryo or a few cells are split into two parts which develop into a complete animal
Apomixis
Asexually reproducing plants by seed

7. Greater Fertility
Various methods used to increase the reproductive capacity of superior animals
Superovulation
Increasing the reproductive potential of a female
Embryo transfer
Removing an embryo from its mother and placing it in another female

8. Increased Production Milk hormones Meat hormones Growth implants
Bovine somatotropin (bST) is a metabolic protein hormone used to increase milk production in dairy cows
Meat hormones
Porcine somatotropin, abbreviated as (pST), is a growth hormone naturally produced in pigs
Growth implants
Small pellets that are placed under the skin of animals

9. Biotechnology in aquaculture
Spawning
Process of producing eggs that are fertilized with sperm from male fish
Hatching
Process of getting baby fish from fertilized eggs
Nursery Management
Caring for fry (tiny newly-hatched fish)
Sex changes
Some species of fish don’t grow well when the males and females are left together. Researchers have developed ways to change the sex of newly hatched fish
Tilapia

10. Ultrasonics in Ag
It is used in assessing product quality and fetal development in pregnant females
Product quality
Used to assess the amount of fat on cattle and other animals
Pregnancy assessment
Can be used to determine the development of an embryo and fetus in a pregnant female
Locate fish
Ultrasonics are used to locate objects under water, such as wild fish in the ocean

11. Improving Growth Ammoniating hay Digestibility testing
Low quality grass hay may be treated to make it more nutritious
Digestibility testing
May involve direct intervention in the digestive system of cattle
Controlled feeding
Improving nutrition and feeding involves careful study of animal feed consumption and growth

12. Predicting Life Plant growth chambers Computer simulations
Used to study the effects of changes in the environment on plants.
Computer simulations
Gather information to answer questions about growing the crop

13. Molecular Biotech Involves changing the structure and parts of cells
Cells – Various materials that direct life processes
Genomes – The heredity material in a cell
Chromosomes – Thread like parts inside a cell nucleus that contain genetic material and protein

14. Molecular Biotech
Genes – Parts of segments of chromosomes that contain the heredity traits of organisms
Genotype – Genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype – the appearance of an organism
Mutation – Change that naturally occurs in the genetic material of an organism

15. Genetic Engineering A molecular form of biotechnology
Recombinant DNA – Taking a tiny amount of DNA from one chromosome and moving it to another
Vectors carry new DNA into a cell
Ligatim – Uniting or attaching the two DNA fragments

16. Genetic Engineering in Ag
Herbicide - resistant plants
Roundup ready cotton
Insect - resistant plants
Bollgard cotton
Disease resistant plants
Transgenic animals
Frost protection

17. Assignment
Using the chapter and notes, write at least 2 paragraphs comparing/contrasting organic agriculture vs biotechnology.
A paragraph is 4-6 sentences