1. Understanding Animal Welfare Issues

2. Objective 1: Identify ethics involved with animal production. I. Ethics involve examination of moral issues to determine right from wrong when dealing with human character and conduct. The main ethical question that arises is whether we should raise animals in order to kill and eat them, or not. A. Humans have used animals for their meat and hides for many years. Some people wonder if we should have the power as humans to do so. The argument has been long asked why we need to eat the animals. Since we are not forced to eat animals because of hunger or nutrient requirements some think we do so just because we like to. There is no list of facts available to make everyone think that we should or should not eat animals. The decision is up to each consumer to decide for themselves. B. Most people do agree on the fact that animals should be raised free from pain and suffering. It is difficult to agree on what terms are needed to raise an animal in the most comfortable manner possible.

3. C. In advanced countries like the U.S. questions are raised about specific animal raising techniques like dehorning and castrations without the use of numbing medication. The point is made that we should not partake in these practices because we have the means to make it better for the animals. D. Many practices that ensure the well-being of animals are not economically feasible to producers and consumers. Faculties are set up to be profitable to the owners. Many consumers are not willing to pay extra for meat that animal-friendly production facilities would bring. E. Some major ethical issues involve the following: 1. Use of confinement and small living areas for animals 2. Withholding of medical attention to decrease production costs 3. Slaughter of animals in view of other animals 4. Selection of animals for rapid growth that can also have other medical problems because of it 5. Creating turkeys by natural selection that can not reproduce naturally because of their large breast muscles

4. Objective 2: Discuss animal welfare and animal rights issues. II. Animal rights is the belief that animals have the same right to life and liberty as humans. Animal welfare is the belief that humans should provide animals with surroundings that meet their needs while under their control. A. If you believe in animal rights, the slaughter of livestock is viewed as murder. If you believe in animal welfare, the slaughter of livestock should be done in a humane manner. B. The choice to believe in animal rights or animal welfare is up to each individual. Like any view, it is one that is made based on your knowledge and feelings about a situation. As the size of farms increases and the number of farmers decreases fewer and fewer people have the opportunity to see how animals are raised.

5. C. Most animal producers are concerned with animal welfare. They know that raising an animal improperly can cause the animal to become sick or die. Sick and dead animals take from the producers profit so most producers raise animals as humanely as possible. D. The debate over what animals need has been long and is far from over. Basically freedom from the following stresses are the focus of discussions: thirst, hunger, malnutrition, discomfort, pain, injury, disease, and mental suffering.

6. Objective 3: Describe animals used for genetic engineering and biotechnology. III. Biotechnology is the application of biology to technology. Often, biotechnology uses living cells and components to research advances in technology. Many different processes are used and several debates stem from these uses. The research done is used to benefit both animals and humans. A. Genetic engineering is the movement of genes from one cell to another. Improvement of feeds and breeds are two benefits genetic engineering will bring. Manipulation of genetics has also brought about cloning of animals. Cloning is creating exact duplicates of plants and animals. Modification of animals has caused great controversy over moral and spiritual grounds.

7. B. Many risks are involved with genetically engineering animals. Some risks include: 1. Loss of genetic diversity could arise 2. Some modifications could have harmful consequences that will not be detected right away 3. Not foreseeing economic effects that could disturb the economy 4. Use of animals to carry pathogens and infect humans could occur C. Many precautions are being made to regulate genetic engineering. It is difficult to weigh advantages and disadvantages because this procedure has not been around for very long.

8. Designing a New Breed Create a super animal! If you could combine any number of traits from any number of different animals, what kindof creature would you develop that would serve the most purposes or benefits? Please provide a name, description, and picture of your animal.