1. Paul Broca Case Studies 1861 Sabrina Moore, Bethannie Jamerson, Tahjai Watt, Tyler Chandler

2. Three-dimensional MRI reconstruction of the lateral left hemisphere of a normal in vivo brain. Dronkers N F et al. Brain 2007;130:1432-1441 © The Author (2007). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

3. Case Study- Leborgne 51-year-old patient with multiple neurological problems Without any productive speech for many year Could only produce a single repetitive syllable, ‘tan’ Could vary the intonation of the sound but was not able to produce any recognizable words or phrases Broca saw Leborgne's lack of speech as a test case for the question of language localization in the frontal lobes Leborgne died of his ailments several days later A lesion was found on the surface of the left frontal lobe as Broca had suspected

4. CT Scan of Lebrogne

5. Case Study- Lelong 84 years old Also exhibited reduced productive speech as the result of a stroke 1 year before Could say only five words, ‘oui’ (‘yes’), ‘non’ (‘no’), ‘tois’ (a mispronunciation of ‘trois’ (‘three’) which he used to represent any number), ‘toujours’ (‘always’) and ‘Lelo’ (a mispronunciation of his own name) At autopsy, Lelong was also found to have a lesion in approximately the same region of the lateral frontal lobe as the first case

6. Views of the damage to Broca's area in Lelong's brain. Dronkers N F et al. Brain 2007;130:1432-1441 © The Author (2007). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

7. Photographs of the brains of Leborgne and Lelong, Paul Broca's first two aphasic patients. Dronkers N F et al. Brain 2007;130:1432-1441 © The Author (2007). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

8. Broca’s Area and Broca Aphasia approximate region he identified has become known as Broca's area the deficit in language production is Broca's aphasia Symptoms: problems with fluency, articulation, word-finding, repetition and producing and comprehending complex grammatical structures, both orally and in writing.