1. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 1 RFID in Pharmaceuticals and Medicine Rajit Gadh

2. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 2 Medical/Healthcare Patient monitoring and tracking –Patient location in hospital –Patient would have tag installed – typically UHF or Active Patient verification –Scan wristband-type device (HF) Staff tracking in hospital. –UHF or Active –Example in accident/emergency department

3. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 3 In Hospitals Geo-fencing - Tracking Patients (research - WINMEC RFID Lab) Research issues -Create zone filtration at each reader -Multiple readers help pin-point tag -Tracks location and movement of tag -Directional readers allow determination of floor-level -Investigating SAW technology for room delineation

4. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 4 Medical/Healthcare-Drug Authentication Background –Lawsuit against Amgen for counterfeit Epogen sold at CVS –Pfizer receives 4 complaints of potentially counterfeit Viagra in CA –In US, less than 1% of the drugs are counterfeit –Increasing counterfeiting overseas Solution –RFID tagging of drug bottles in factory –Track where the bottles have been in the supply chain –Verify bottle at pharmacy –Ensure that bottles have not been tampered with Technology –Short range RFID FDA report, February 2004, http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/counterfeit/report02_04.ht ml http://www.fda.gov/oc/initiatives/counterfeit/report02_04.ht ml

5. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 5 WinRFID in Pharma RFID should provide minimum disruption to existing business process …But there is a paradox… What is the business problem? Getting the authentic drug to the right place at the right time and delivered by the right person to the right person (chain of custody)

6. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 6 Medical/Healthcare – reduce human errors Reducing human errors –Human error – In surgery, sponge getting left inside human body after procedure –Approach – RFID tagging of sponges and scanning for sponges after surgery –Organization – Stanford University –Issue – Reliability of read, Approval from organizations such as FDA

7. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 7 Pharma and Medicine Conclusion

8. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 8 Mobile Payments, Access and NFC Intro Requirements are similar – near field and security Card form factor Small, without battery

9. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 9 Toll Payment Efficiency in toll collection Toll is collected while car (object) is in motion, thereby eliminating the need for a human being to take the toll and for the driver to stop E.g. http://www.ezpass.com/ activehttp://www.ezpass.com/ E.g. http://www.wordiq.com/definition/FasTrak active http://www.wordiq.com/definition/FasTrak

10. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 10 Examples of RFID-based payment systems Mobile-phone based RFID payments, chip in phone has pre-paid funds available http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/ 1197/1/1/ http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/ 1197/1/1/ NTT DoCoMo smart-card handsets with i- mode Felica® mobile wallet service Payment of drinks by VIP customers (tags embedded in skin) http://www.adsx.com/investorrelations/pdfs/ VeriBro.pdf http://www.adsx.com/investorrelations/pdfs/ VeriBro.pdf Exxon Mobil RFID Speedpass

11. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 11 Payment in Mass Transit System Bay area mass transit system –TransLink cards by ASK 8 KB of memory Passive ISO 14443B 13.56 Mhz –Readers installed on trains and buses http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/1209/1/1/

12. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 12 Near Field Communications Established by Nokia, Philips and Sony Touch/proximity based action NFC technology evolved from a combination of contact-less identification (RFID) and interconnection technologies 13.56 MHz (HF) Distance is a few centimeters

13. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 13 Near Field Communications NFC technology is standardized in ISO (International Standards Organization) 18092, ECMA 340, and ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) TS 102 190. Compatible to the broadly established contact-less smart card infrastructure based on ISO 14443 A (Philips MIFARE(R) technology & Sony's FeliCa* card) NFC forum

14. Copyright © 2003-2007 Rajit Gadh 14 Mobile Payments, Access and NFC Conclusion