1. FIRST OPERATING EXPERIENCE ON A 120kW DUAL CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED BED (DCFB) SYSTEM FOR CHEMICAL LOOPING COMBUSTION 4th International Workshop on In-Situ CO 2 Removal P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf, H. Hofbauer

2. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 2 Outline  Short introduction to chemical looping combustion  The Dual Circulating Fluidized Bed (DCFB) reactor system  Cold flow model results  First experimental results  Conclusions

3. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 3 Chemical looping combustion principles I  A new process for oxidising fuels using metal oxides as oxygen carriers transporting oxygen from combustion air to fuel  no mixing of combustion air and fuel, combustion products (CO 2 and H 2 O) not diluted by N 2  Highly exothermal reactions in air reactor  Fuel reactor is exothermic/endothermic depending on fuel and oxygen carrier

4. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 4 Chemical looping combustion principles II  Inherent CO 2 separation  No energy penalty for separation of CO 2  Gaseous fuels  Solid fuels have to be gasified (potentially inside FR)  Active metals for oxygen carriers: Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mn

5. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 5 Chemical looping combustion principles III  Fuel reactor reactions: →Chemical looping reforming: partial oxidation steam reforming  Air reactor reaction:

6. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 6 CLC technology status  Fast fluidized air reactor  Bubbling bed fuel reactor  Potential gas slip in FR (no reactions in freeboard) However: excellent gas-solid contact needed in both reactors

7. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 7 Proposed systems employing two CFB reactors Batelle/FERCO gasifier Alstom concept

8. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 8 Dual circulation fluidized bed (DCFB) reactor system I  DCFB features: →Global solids circulation is controlled by primary reactor fluidization only (eg. air staging) →Secondary reactor can be optimized towards fuel conversion →Inherent stabilization of global solids hold up due to the direct hydraulic link between the reactors

9. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 9 Dual circulation fluidized bed (DCFB) reactor system II  DCFB features: →High potential for scale-up →Optimized gas-solids contact compared to bubbling fluidized beds →Low reactor volume compared to bubbling fluidized beds (ie. low solids inventory)

10. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 10 AR/FR regime map

11. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 11 DCFB cold flow model (1)

12. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 12 DCFB cold flow model (2)

13. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 13 DCFB cold flow model (3) Solids Flux Air reactor Solids Flux Fuel reactor

14. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 14 120 kW DCFB pilot rig

15. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 15 Air reactor pressure profile

16. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 16 Results I – natural gas CO 2 -yield = 0.87 CH 4 conv. = 0.95

17. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 17 Results II – propane CO 2 -yield = 0.93

18. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 18 Conclusions I  DCFB system for scale-up ready chemical looping →Gas-solids contact over the whole fuel reactor height →Less solids inventory in the fuel reactor due to increased gas-solids contact →Inherent stabilization of global solids hold up due to a hydraulic link between the two reactors →Fuel reactor (fluidization regime) may be optimized with respect to fuel conversion →Staged fluidization of the air reactor controls global solids circulation

19. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 19 Conclusions II  Natural gas operation (CH 4 > 97%) →CH 4 conversion = 95% →CO 2 yield = 87%  Propane operation →CO 2 yield = 93%

20. P. Kolbitsch, T. Pröll, J. Bolhàr-Nordenkampf & H. Hofbauer First operating experience on a 120kW dual circulating fluidized bed (DCFB) system for chemical looping combustion 20 Contact: www.chemical-looping.at philipp.kolbitsch@tuwien.ac.at