1. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 1 Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment

2. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Nursing research is the systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problem.

3. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Research is the systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problem. Nursing research is the systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession.

4. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins What Is Research? Systematic inquiry using disciplined methods to solve problem Nursing research Systematic inquiry to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession

5. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Consumer–Producer Continuum Consumers: Nurses who read and evaluate research reports or summaries Producers: Nurses who design and undertake research studies

6. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Producers of research design and undertake studies.

7. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True Knowledge of nursing research enhances the professional practice of both consumers of research (who read and evaluate studies) and producers of research (who design and undertake studies).

8. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Contemporary Emphasis Evidence-based practice projects Replications Research integration through systematic review Multisite and interdisciplinary studies Expanded dissemination efforts Increased focus on health disparities

9. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Sources of Evidence for Nursing Practice Tradition Authority Clinical experience, trial and error, intuition Logical reasoning (inductive and deductive)

10. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins What Is a Paradigm? A world view; a general perspective on the complexities of the real world, with certain assumptions about reality Key paradigms for nursing research: –Positivist paradigm –Naturalistic paradigm

11. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins What Is the Nature of Reality? Positivist assumption: Reality exists; there is a real world driven by natural causes Naturalistic assumption: Reality is multiple and subjective, constructed by individuals

12. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question What occurs in the positivist paradigm? A.Reality is not fixed. B.Reality is fixed. C.Associated with qualitative research. D.Subjective narrative materials.

13. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer B Positivist paradigm the reality is fixed and is associated with quantitative research. Constructivist paradigm reality is not fixed and is associated with qualitative research and subjective, narrative materials.

14. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins How Is Knowledge Obtained? PositivistConstructivist Fixed designFlexible design Discrete, specific conceptsHolistic Deductive processesInductive processes Control over contextContext-bound Verification of hunchesEmerging interpretations Quantitative informationQualitative information Seeks generalizationsSeeks patterns

15. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Research Basic: Extend information for sake of knowledge Applied: Discovering solutions to immediate problems

16. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Key Evidence-Based Practice Treatment/therapy/intervention Assessment and diagnosis Prognosis Harm and etiology Meaning and process