1. Action Research – Chapter 7 Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences – Bruce Berg Presenters: Kenneth Kim Kyla Huska

2. Lesson Objectives: Describe where action research originated Give characteristics of action research List primary tasks of action research Describe and give characteristics of the stages of action research Describe the action researcher’s role List and describe the types of action research

3. Introduction: What is action research? Mode of qualitative research used in past decade in education and nursing Highly participatory and reflective and gives power to the groups involved Where did it originate? Believed to have originated in the field of psychology Traced to anthropological and sociological based community research

4. Primary Tasks: What are the two primary tasks of action research? Uncover or produce information and knowledge useful to a group of people Enlighten and empower the stakeholders in the research

5. Stages of Action Research: Identify the research question(s) Gather information to answer question(s) Analyze and interpret the information Share the results with the participants

6. Characteristics of Action Research : Identify the research questions: Involve all the stakeholders Form focus groups Keep in mind the questions are important to stakeholders and not merely for research purposes

7. Characteristics of Action Research: Gather information to answer questions: Many methods and approaches such as interviewing, observation, and ethnographic data The choice is dependent on the limitations set by the stakeholders

8. Characteristics of Action Research: Analyze and interpret the information: Analysis depends on the method of action research Create categories and themes and then sort the answers to questions Analysis involves answering the who, what, why, how, where, when

9. Characteristics of Action Research: Share the results with the participants: Give empowerment to the stakeholders so that they can collectively make changes Use focus groups, in-group forums, informal meetings, agency / institutional / department meetings, and community group meetings

10. Role of the Action Researcher: Stands alongside the community or group under study Contributes expertise as a participant in the process A partner with the study population Works with practitioners as well as stakeholders

11. Types of Action Research: Three distinct types of action research: Technical Practical Emancipating

12. Characteristics of Technical Action Research: Researcher identifies the problem after collaborating with the practitioner who then implements the suggestions given to him to the group Tests a particular intervention based on pre-specified theoretical framework

13. Characteristics of Practical Action Research: Researcher and practitioner come to together to identify the problems and possible interventions More flexible approach and gives more empowerment to the stakeholders working with the practitioner

14. Characteristics of Emancipating Action Research: Brings theory and book knowledge with real world situations, issues and experience Brings a better understanding of the issues by linking theory, enlightenment, and action

15. Final Notes Action research process is a spiral of activity: Plan Act Observe Reflect