1. Section C: Olympic Games: a global perspective 3. Role of the IOC

2. Syllabus Mission and role of the IOC in leadership of the Olympic Movement Organisation, membership and administration of the IOC Bidding to host the games

3. The Olympic Movement The Olympic Movement is the concerted, organised, universal and permanent action, carried out under the supreme authority of the IOC, of all individuals and entities who are inspired by the values of Olympism. The goal of the Olympic Movement is to contribute to building a peaceful and better world by educating youth through sport practised in accordance with Olympism and its values. Belonging to the Olympic Movement requires compliance with the Olympic Charter and recognition by the IOC.

4. IOC The International Olympic Committee is the supreme authority of the Olympic Movement.

5. IOC Acting as a catalyst for collaboration between all parties of the Olympic family, from the; – National Olympic Committees (NOCs), – the International Sports Federations (IFs), – the athletes, – the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games (OCOGs), – to the TOP partners, broadcast partners and United Nations agencies, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) shepherds success through a wide range of programmes and projects. On this basis it ensures the regular celebration of the Olympic Games, supports all affiliated member organisations of the Olympic Movement and strongly encourages, by appropriate means, the promotion of the Olympic values.

6. Role of the IOC in detail… To encourage and support the promotion of ethics in sport as well as education of youth through sport and to dedicate its efforts to ensuring that, in sport, the spirit of fair play prevails and violence is banned; To encourage and support the organisation, development and coordination of sport and sports competitions; To ensure the regular celebration of the Olympic Games; To cooperate with the competent public or private organisations and authorities in the endeavour to place sport at the service of humanity and thereby to promote peace; To take action in order to strengthen the unity and to protect the independence of the Olympic Movement;

7. Role of the IOC in detail… To act against any form of discrimination affecting the Olympic Movement; To encourage and support the promotion of women in sport at all levels and in all structures with a view to implementing the principle of equality of men and women; To lead the fight against doping in sport; To encourage and support measures protecting the health of athletes; To oppose any political or commercial abuse of sport and athletes;

8. Role of the IOC in detail… To encourage and support the efforts of sports organisations and public authorities to provide for the social and professional future of athletes; To encourage and support the development of sport for all; To encourage and support a responsible concern for environmental issues, to promote sustainable development in sport and to require that the Olympic Games are held accordingly; To promote a positive legacy from the Olympic Games to the host cities and host countries; To encourage and support initiatives blending sport with culture and education; To encourage and support the activities of the International Olympic Academy (IOA) and other institutions which dedicate themselves to Olympic education.

9. The Organisation (The Movement) The Movement comprises three main constituents: The IOC: the supreme authority of the Movement; The International Federations (IFs): these are international non- governmental organisations administering one or several sports at world level and encompassing organisations administering such sports at national level. The National Olympic Committees: their mission is to develop, promote and protect the Olympic Movement in their respective countries. The NOCs are the only organisations that can select and designate the city which may apply to organise Olympic Games in their respective countries. In addition, they alone can send athletes to the Games.

10. The Organisation (The Movement) The Olympic Movement is defined also by the numerous activities in which it engages, such as: Promoting sport and competitions through the intermediary of national and international sports institutions worldwide. Cooperation with public and private organisations to place sport at the service of mankind. Assistance to develop "Sport for All". Advancement of women in sport at all levels and in all structures, with a view to achieving equality between men and women. Help in the development of sport for all. Opposition to all forms of commercial exploitation of sport and athletes. The fight against doping. Promoting sports ethics and fair play. Raising awareness of environmental problems. Financial and educational support for developing countries through the IOC institution Olympic Solidarity.

11. Members The members are volunteers who represent the IOC and Olympic Movement in their country (they are not delegates of their country within the IOC).

12. Administration According to the Olympic Charter, the role of the administration is the: preparation, implementation and follow-up of decisions taken by the Session, Executive Board and President; preparation and follow-up of the work of all commissions; permanent liaison with the IFs, NOCs and OCOGs; coordination of preparation for all Olympic Games; organisation and preparation of other Olympic events; circulation of information within the Olympic Movement; advice to candidate cities; relations with many international governmental and non-governmental organisations dealing with, in particular, sport, education and culture; liaison with Olympic Solidarity and implementation of many other tasks of an ongoing or ad hoc nature assigned to it by the President and the Executive Board.

13. Bidding to host the Games The Games are awarded to one city, although some venues may be located outside the host city itself. The host city election takes place seven years before the Games, but the actual bid process is launched nine years before and lasts for a period of two years. The National Olympic Committee (NOC) of the country concerned puts forward the name of a city to the IOC, with each NOC entitled to put forward only one city located within its territory. The actual work on putting together an Olympic bid often begins many years before this, with city, regional and national authorities working hard with the NOC to prepare its Olympic project. In some cases the NOC even carries out its own selection process from a number of interested cities within its own country.

14. Bidding to host the Games The two-year bid process is split into two phases (each lasting approximately one year) and is governed by the Olympic Charter (Rule 33 and its bye-law): - Phase I: Applicant Phase - Phase II : Candidature Phase

15. Applicant Phase During Phase I, the Applicant Cities are required to answer an IOC questionnaire and submit their answers, called an Application File, to the IOC. The Application File is then studied by an IOC-appointed Working Group. This Group, which includes representatives of various Olympic stakeholders such as the International Federations (IFs), the National Olympic Committees and the IOC Athletes’ Commission, carries out a detailed risk assessment and makes a thorough and detailed report to the IOC Executive Board, which is then responsible for selecting the cities that will advance to Phase II. The cities selected become Candidate Cities.

16. Candidature Phase The Candidate Cities are required to answer the second-phase IOC questionnaire and submit much more detailed plans to the IOC which are contained in a Candidature File (a city’s blueprint for the Olympic Games). The Candidature File is accompanied by a substantial number of legally binding guarantee letters. The areas covered in the Candidature File are vast and range from the Olympic Village, transport, security and accommodation to sports and venues, the environment, marketing and many more.

17. Candidature Phase cont. The Candidature File and accompanying documents are analysed by an IOC Evaluation Commission which, like the Phase I Working Group, also includes representatives of various Olympic stakeholders such as the IFs, NOCs and the IOC Athletes’ Commission, as well as the International Paralympic Committee (IPC). The Commission pays an on-site visit to each city and produces an important risk assessment report which is provided to all IOC members, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of all the cities.

18. Election of the Host City The Candidate Cities deliver a number of presentations during the second phase of the bid process, and the final presentation is given on the election day to the IOC members. Following the presentations and a report given by the Evaluation Commission Chair, the IOC members vote and take the important decision of electing the host city. The newly elected host city then signs the Host City Contract with the IOC.