1. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Resources Click on one of the following icons to go to that resource. life.msscience.com Image Bank Foldables Standardized Test Practice Chapter Review Questions Chapter Summary

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3. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Click on individual thumbnail images to view larger versions. Image Bank

4. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank To transfer images to your own power point follow the following steps: Open the “Resource” file from the CD-ROM disc – view the file in the “normal view” or “slide sorter view” mode - go to slide #2 – from there you can click through the images and follow these instructions. Click once on the image. Copy the image Go to your own power point document Paste the image. Transfer Images

5. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Evolution of the Camel

6. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Darwin’s Voyage Map

7. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Principles of Natural Selection

8. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Albino Snake

9. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Stick Bug

10. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Mexico Leopard Frog

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12. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Hypothesized Bear Evolution

13. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Penicillin Culture in Petri Dish

14. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Fish Fossil

15. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Limestone Fossil

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18. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Embryo Evidence

19. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Homologous Body Parts

20. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Chimpanzees

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25. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank East Africa

26. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Cro-Magnon

27. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Image Bank Neanderthal vs. Cro-Magnon Skull

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29. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Principles of Natural Selection Make the following Foldable to help you understand the process of natural selection.

30. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold a sheet of paper in half lengthwise.

31. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Fold paper down 2.5 cm from the top. (Hint: From the tip of your index finger to your middle knuckle is about 2.5 cm.

32. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables Open and draw lines along the 2.5-cm fold and the center fold. Label as shown.

33. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Foldables As you read, list the five principles of natural selection in the left-hand column. In the right- hand column, briefly write an example for each principle. Summarize in a Table

34. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Evolution is one of the central ideas of biology. It explains how living things have changed in the past and is a basis for predicting how they might change in the future. Ideas About Evolution Charles Darwin developed the theory of evolution by natural selection to explain how evolutionary changes account for the diversity of organisms on Earth. Reviewing Main Ideas

35. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 1 1 Natural selection includes concepts of variation, overproduction, and competition. Ideas About Evolution According to natural selection, organisms with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Reviewing Main Ideas

36. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 2 2 Fossils provide evidence for evolution. Clues About Evolution Relative dating and radiometric dating can be used to estimate the age of fossils. Reviewing Main Ideas The evolution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, pesticide-resistant insects, and rapid genetic changes in plant species provides direct evidence that evolution occurs. Homologous structures, vestigial structures, comparative embryology, and similarities in DNA provide indirect evidence of evolution.

37. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. 3 3 Primates include monkeys, apes, and humans. Hominids are humanlike primates. The Evolution of Primates The earliest known hominid fossil is Australopithecus. Reviewing Main Ideas Homo sapiens are thought to have evolved from Cro-Magnon humans about 400,000 years ago.

38. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 1 Charles Darwin observed that the beak shape of each species of finch is related to its eating habits. Which beak would best be used for probing beneath tree bark? A. long, slender B. long, fat C. medium-sized D. short, strong

39. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is A. A long, slender beak would be best for probing beneath tree bark. Chapter Review

40. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 2 What would a short, strong beak be best used for? A. eating insects B. drinking nectar C. prying insects out of small holes D. breaking hard shells Chapter Review

41. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is D. Finches that eat nuts and seeds have short, stout, “crushing” beaks. Chapter Review

42. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 3 Answer A _______ is an inherited trait that makes an individual different from other members of its species. The answer is variation. Variations result from permanent changes, or mutations, in an organism’s genes.

43. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 4 _______ are scientists who study the past by collecting and examining fossils. A. Biologists B. Entomologists C. Ecologists D. Paleontologists

44. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is D. Paleontologists study fossils in order to learn which plants and animals lived during various periods of Earth’s history. Chapter Review

45. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review Question 5 _______ and _______ are two basic methods used to estimate the ages of rocks and fossils?

46. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Chapter Review The answer is relative dating and radiometric dating. Relative dating is based on rock layers and radiometric dating compares the amount of radioactive element with the amount of nonradioactive element in the rock. Answer

47. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 1 Which is an imprint on sediment that later hardens to become rock? A. cast fossil B. frozen fossil C. imprint fossil D. mineralized fossil Standardized Test Practice

48. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is C. A leaf, feather, bones, or even the entire body of an organism can leave an imprint on sediment that later hardens to become rock. Standardized Test Practice

49. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 2 Which is NOT an example of an adaptation? A. albinism B. camouflage C. hibernation D. nocturnal behavior Standardized Test Practice

50. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is A. An adaptation is any variation that makes an organism better suited to its environment. Albinism prevents an organism from blending into its environment. Standardized Test Practice

51. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 3 Which is the best example of punctuated equilibrium? A. alligator evolution B. camel evolution C. human evolution D. penicillin-resistant bacteria Standardized Test Practice

52. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is D. According to the punctuated equilibrium model, rapid evolution comes about when the mutation of a few genes results in the appearance of a new species over a relatively short period of time. Standardized Test Practice

53. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 4 According to the Principles of Natural Selection, which of the following is the best answer? Standardized Test Practice

54. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. A. Organisms produce just enough offspring to survive. B. All variations are helpful. Standardized Test Practice

55. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. C. Organisms with traits best suited to their environment are more likely to survive. D. Variations are never passed to offspring. Standardized Test Practice

56. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is C. Organisms produce more offspring that can survive, not all variations are helpful, and some variations are passed to offspring. Standardized Test Practice

57. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Question 5 Body parts that are similar in origin and structure are called _______. A. homologous B. hominids C. sedimentary D. vestigial Standardized Test Practice

58. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. Answer The answer is A. Homologous structures can also be similar in function. Standardized Test Practice

59. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. To advance to the next item or next page click on any of the following keys: mouse, space bar, enter, down or forward arrow. Click on this icon to return to the table of contents Click on this icon to return to the previous slide Click on this icon to move to the next slide Click on this icon to open the resources file. Help Click on this icon to go to the end of the presentation.

60. To return to the chapter summary click Escape or close this document. End of Chapter Resources File