1. Chapter 12 Reconstruction and its effects

2. Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan  Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction  10% Plan  Government would Pardon all Confederates except high ranking officials and those accused of war crimes  After 10% of those on the voting polls swore allegiance to the Union the confederate state could re-enter the Union

3. Lincoln’s Plan Cont’d Lincoln’s Plan Cont’d  Arkansas, Louisiana, Tennessee, and Virginia moved immediately to re-enter the Union  Radical Republicans Thought the plan was too moderate  Thaddeus Stevens wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship

4. Lincoln Would Not live to see the plan put into action  John Wilkes Booth  Southern Sympathizer  Actor  Assassinated Lincoln in Ford’s theater

5. Andrew Johnson Takes the Reins  Lincoln’s VP  Became President on Lincoln’s assassination  Wanted to continue Lincoln’s 10% plan  Congress had other plans

6. Wade Davis Bill  Gave the power to control reconstruction to Congress and not the President  Also called for a majority of the voters to declare allegiance to the Union and not only 10 %  Lincoln Had vetoed the wade Davis bill by pocket veto, however when he was assassinated they passed the bill anyway

7. Freedman’s Bureau Provided shelter, food, clothing and Schools for newly freed slaves and poor whites

8. Congress passed the civil rights act of 1866  Gave African Americans Citizenship  Forbid the south from passing discriminatory laws such as “Black Codes”  Black Codes restored the institute of slavery in south  A result of this act was the passing of the fourteenth Amendment

9. 14 th Amendment  “ All citizens are provided equal protection of the law under the constitution of the United States”

10. Major Reconstruction Acts Legislation Provisions Freedman’s Bureau Acts (1865- 1866) Offered assistance, such as medical and education to freed slaves and poor whites Civil Rights Act of 1866Granted Citizenship and equal protection under the law Fourteenth Amendment 1866Protection of citizens under the constitution Reconstruction Act of 1867Abolished governments formed in Confederate states, and divided those states into military zones Fifteenth Amendment 1870Voting rights for All males over the age of 21 Enforcement Act of 1870Protecting the voting rights of African Americans

11. Military Districts in South

12. Johnson Impeachment Andrew Johnson Violated the Tenure of Office act and Congress tried to have him Impeached

13. Election of 1868  Ulysses S. Grant becomes the 17 th President of the United States

14. 15 th Amendment  All males over the age of 21 have the right to vote regardless of previous condition of servitude

15. South in Disarray  Physical devastation  Economy destroyed because of confederate money  Battle fields needed to be cleaned up to stop spread of disease  Public works programs

16. Two groups of people began to form in the south

17. Carpetbaggers

18. Scalawags

19. Problems faced by the government for the newly freed slaves

20. Slaves were unsure what to do with their new freedoms Slaves were unsure what to do with their new freedoms  Allowed to travel without a pass  Had no tools to work  No land to farm  No money to buy these things

21. Reunification of slave families  Families were often sold separately  Finding families difficult task  One man walked 600 miles from Georgia to North Carolina to find his wife and children  Freedman’s bureau helped families reunify  Ex-slaves were now allowed to marry

22. Education  Slaves must be taught to read and write  80% of freed slaves over the age of 20 were illiterate  1877 600,000 blacks were enrolled in elementary school

23. Religion  Slaves were very spiritual  Churches had to be established for religious services  Baptist and Methodists

24. Politics  Hiram Revels was first Black Senator  Local And state governments began to see black involvement

25. Southern agriculture begins to evolve to a share cropper system

26. 40 acres and a mule

27. Southern Homestead Act

28. A few sharecroppers Make enough money To become tenant farmers Sharecroppers small plot of land and seed from the landowners Sharecroppers Buy supplies On credit They plant crops Sharecroppers give a portion Of harvest to landowner Sharecroppers sell what Crop is left over for money Sharecroppers use their Money to pay off debts Cycle of poverty

29. Reconstruction collapses  Violence (KKK)  Economic pressure  Legislative pressure  Political power shifts

30. Economic Turmoil Panic of 1873

31. Currency debate – whether to return the American currency system back to the gold standard

32. Civil Rights setbacks in the Supreme Court DateDecision’sRuling 1873 Slaughterhouse cases Civil rights were ruled to state, rather than federal rights, therefore unprotected by the fourteenth amendment 1876 U.S. vs. Cruikshank The fourteenth amendment did not grant the federal government the right to punish whites who oppressed blacks 1876U. S. vs. ReeceThe fifteenth amendment was determined not to grant voting rights to anyone, but rather to restrict types of voter discrimination

33. Redemption  Southern Democrats wanted to redeem the south  Wanted to take back over control  Wanted to oust the Republicans out of southern states

34. Compromise of 1877  Southern Democrats wanted three things Withdrawal of federal troops in Louisiana and South Carolina Wanted federal money to build a railroad from Texas to the west coast to enhance trade Wanted a conservative southerner appointed to the cabinet Allowed the Southern Democrats to have “Home Rule” which is what they were after

35. Legacy of Reconstruction  Failure Voter discrimination not prohibited No land reform Racial Bias became a National not a regional problem Supreme court undermined the 14 th and 15 th Amendments  Success Blacks participated in government State Government began solving social problems Churches, Families, and Schools Break up of plantation 14 th and 15 th Amendments were passed