1. CHAPTER 21: THE FURNACE OF CIVIL WAR

2. “MILITARY PICNIC” AKA BATTLE OF BULL RUN MANASSAS CREEK, VA. 1.A night out on the town! 2.First official battle 3.Both sides completely unorganized 4.South wins and goes home! Union buckle down for the long haul. 5.Realities of war sets in quickly

3. TARDY GEORGE Gen. McClellan Too cautious Had the “slows” according to Pres. Lincoln Loss at the Seven Day Battle a good thing; a quick and early win may have left slavery in existing states Lincoln replaces McClellan with Gen. Pope

4. WINFIELD SCOTT’S ANACONDA PLAN

5. TOTAL WAR

6. THE WAR AT SEA Blockade used by Union Blockade running profitable for southerners Smuggling munitions from GB via Bahamas and Canada Union finally able to stop much of the smuggling Controlled Port Orleans and Charleston Seize British ships with war goods = “ultimate destination” Merrimack helps south destroy union wooden warships; Monitor finally stops the Merrimack Merrimack Monitor

7. THE BRITISH STEAMER AND UNION BLOCKAGE RUNNER, DEE IN THE HARBOR AT HAMILTON, BERMUDA, IN 1863.

8. SECOND BULL RUN

9. SECOND BATTLE OF BULL RUN

10. BATTLE AT ANTIETAM, MD (9/1862) 1.Deadliest battle yet; >26,000 casualties over two days 2.McClellan returns and saves Washington D.C from Lee 3.Lee plans found in dropped cigars! 4.McClellan removed again for good for not pursuing Lee. 5.British and French no longer willing to support the Confederacy 6.Lincoln realizes slavery must end once and for all = Emancipation Proclamation Jan. 1, 1863

11. CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS @ ANTIETAM SEPT 1862

14. THURSDAY 12/4 EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 1.slaves considered contraband - only in the seceding states! 2.Perceived as a war to free slaves - Upset both North and South 3.South now unwilling to compromise 4.North has “morality” on their side? 5.EP precedes the 13 th amendment 6.Many in south do not leave; many others do.

15. BLACKS AND THE C.W. 1.Allowed to fight in North after EP a.Proven capable = Respected; 22 congressional medals of honor b.Still discriminated against c.soldiers captured and/or killed in south; Fort Pillow, TN incident d.Most Black Union soldiers from the south; 10% e.Fought for south only one month; farm and labor for CSA Massachusetts 54 th Regiment

16. THE TURNING POINT Next, Port Vicksburg and Hudson fall

17. GETTYSBURG ADDRESS: “REMAKING AMERICA” We are no longer a collection of states but a single nation

18. THE WESTERN FRONT

19. B. GRANT AND SHERMAN’S TOTAL WAR

20. SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA

21. SHERMAN’S MARCH TO THE SEA (9/’64) 1. Goal: to physically and psychologically destroy the South 2. Total War Anything that can be used by southern military is to be destroyed; includes slaves 3. Slaves in North a.Put them to work b.Enlist c.Educate them

22. SHERMAN’S 40 ACRES AND A MULE 1. Special Field Order 15 2. Pres Johnson revokes agreement

23. WARTIME POLITICS 1. Copperheads – N. Dem. who were against the war 2. Radical Republicans – wanted to punish the South for causing war Rep.Thaddeus Stevens (Il) Sen. Charles Sumner (Ma)

24. ELECTION 1864! National Unity Party: Chooses Democrat Andrew Johnson to show solidarity for the Union amongst both Northerners and Southerners.

25. TOLL OF WAR: IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY = HIGH CASUALTIES

26. WOMEN AND THE C.W. 1.Both sides unprepared 2.Some felt job was inappropriate; around strange men 3.By the end, respectable job for women 4.Took care of the farms 5.Clara Burton = American Red Cross

28. LEE SURRENDERS TO GRANT AT APPOMATTOX MARCH 1865

29. JOHN WILKES BOOTH April 14, 1865 shoots Lincoln in the head 5 days after Lee surrendered