1. RECONSTRUCTION- PART 2 Chapter 8, Section 2

2. AFRICAN AMERICANS GAIN POWER During Reconstruction, there was a growth of the Republican Party in the South. Why? During Reconstruction, there was a growth of the Republican Party in the South. Why? African Americans joined the party that freed them– Republican. African Americans joined the party that freed them– Republican. African Americans were able to hold offices, and Hiram Revels became the first African American senator in 1870. African Americans were able to hold offices, and Hiram Revels became the first African American senator in 1870. Many white southerners had not yet taken the loyalty oath, so often times African Americans represented the majority of voters in a state. Many white southerners had not yet taken the loyalty oath, so often times African Americans represented the majority of voters in a state.

3. OTHER GROUPS GAIN RECOGNITION African Americans were not the only group to welcome the Republican Party. African Americans were not the only group to welcome the Republican Party. Scalawags (poor white southerners who had not been involved in politics before the Civil War) found representation with the Republican Party. Scalawags (poor white southerners who had not been involved in politics before the Civil War) found representation with the Republican Party. Groups of white and black northerners moved to the South for two reasons: Groups of white and black northerners moved to the South for two reasons: Look for better economic/political opportunities Look for better economic/political opportunities Help rebuild the South Help rebuild the South These individuals were known as carpetbaggers because of the carpet-cloth suitcases they carried with them. These individuals were known as carpetbaggers because of the carpet-cloth suitcases they carried with them.

4. REDISTRIBUTION OF LAND The biggest economic problems in the South stemmed from uneven distribution of land. The biggest economic problems in the South stemmed from uneven distribution of land. 90% of southern land was owned by ~1/2 the South’s population. 90% of southern land was owned by ~1/2 the South’s population. African Americans and poor whites were vying for land after the Civil War. African Americans and poor whites were vying for land after the Civil War. Thaddeus Stevens had proposed taking land from wealthy planters and giving it to freedman. Thaddeus Stevens had proposed taking land from wealthy planters and giving it to freedman. General Sherman’s plan proposed that freedmen would receive “40 acres and a mule”. General Sherman’s plan proposed that freedmen would receive “40 acres and a mule”.

5. A NEW TYPE OF ECONOMY Three new methods of farming developed during Reconstruction to combat the loss of capital and land. There were pros and cons to each method. Three new methods of farming developed during Reconstruction to combat the loss of capital and land. There were pros and cons to each method. ProsCons Sharecropping -Did not need cash to start -Did not pay for supplies -Tricked by landowners -Perpetually in debt -Live where told Share-tenancy -Could choose the crop planted  variety -Did not need cash to start -Purchase own supplies -Had to pay back portion of sales to landowner -Live where told Tenant-farming -Choose crop -Managed by the farmer -Choice of where to live -Needed good money- management skills -High financial risk

6. VIOLENCE COMES TO THE SOUTH Struggle to make a living in the South caused a lot of competition and tension. Struggle to make a living in the South caused a lot of competition and tension. White southerners were angry that Republicans were dominating local politics and due to the federal occupation by Union troops. White southerners were angry that Republicans were dominating local politics and due to the federal occupation by Union troops. They were united over their dislike for African Americans to have citizenship. They were united over their dislike for African Americans to have citizenship. The Ku Klux Klan started in Tennessee in 1866. The Ku Klux Klan started in Tennessee in 1866. They used scare tactics to intimidate African Americans. (Hence the need for the Enforcement Acts) They used scare tactics to intimidate African Americans. (Hence the need for the Enforcement Acts)

7. RECONSTRUCTION- PART 3 Chapter 8, Section 3

8. OTHER ISSUES Outside of the South, other problems drew focus from the crises in the South Outside of the South, other problems drew focus from the crises in the South Ulysses S. Grant’s presidency was marred by scandal  he gave high- ranking positions to untrustworthy acquaintances. Ulysses S. Grant’s presidency was marred by scandal  he gave high- ranking positions to untrustworthy acquaintances. Grant was seen as unable to target corruption in his own party, and pubic distrust grew. Grant was seen as unable to target corruption in his own party, and pubic distrust grew. The public lost confidence in the government due to the following: The public lost confidence in the government due to the following: Failing economy Failing economy Corruption and greed in government Corruption and greed in government These problems caused the public to lose focus on the South’s problems. These problems caused the public to lose focus on the South’s problems.

9. END OF RECONSTRUCTION Supreme Court started chipping away at the rights of African Americans gained in the 1870s. Supreme Court started chipping away at the rights of African Americans gained in the 1870s. Southern whites gained power, by using violence and legal interpretations. Southern whites gained power, by using violence and legal interpretations. They adopted a strategy of discrediting black politicians while promoting racial segregation. They adopted a strategy of discrediting black politicians while promoting racial segregation. The common goal of both white southern Democrats and Republicans was to regain political standing in Congress. The common goal of both white southern Democrats and Republicans was to regain political standing in Congress. These individuals were known as Redeemers because they wanted to ‘redeem’ the South in the eyes of Congress. These individuals were known as Redeemers because they wanted to ‘redeem’ the South in the eyes of Congress.

10. END OF RECONSTRUCTION The election of 1876 pitted Rutherford B. Hayes against Samuel Tilden. The election of 1876 pitted Rutherford B. Hayes against Samuel Tilden. Tilden won 51% of the popular vote, and carried all the southern states. Tilden won 51% of the popular vote, and carried all the southern states. There was dispute over votes in three of the southern states. There was dispute over votes in three of the southern states. The dispute between Republicans and southern Democrats facilitated a need for a compromise. The dispute between Republicans and southern Democrats facilitated a need for a compromise. Compromise of 1877  Hayes elected president in exchange for withdrawal of federal troops from the South. Compromise of 1877  Hayes elected president in exchange for withdrawal of federal troops from the South. Reconstruction ended with this compromise. Reconstruction ended with this compromise.

11. EFFECTS OF RECONSTRUCTION Reconstruction had many positive effects: Reconstruction had many positive effects: South begins using tax money to pay for schools South begins using tax money to pay for schools South’s economy expands South’s economy expands African Americans make political, economic and social gains  more freedoms. African Americans make political, economic and social gains  more freedoms. Negative effects Negative effects Women were not granted the right to vote Women were not granted the right to vote Did not heal sectional tensions between North and South Did not heal sectional tensions between North and South