1. Africans & The Atlantic Slave Trade

2. Portuguese - interior trade - especially gold -Generally with local consent -El Mina Missionaries followed –gain Christian converts Mozambique - gold trade Some Portuguese settle in Africa P – set the common European pattern of trading stations w/ the slave trade as central component

3. 1450-1850 - 12 million Africans sent across Atlantic 1450-1850 - 12 million Africans sent across Atlantic –10-11 survive –Primarily young men for hard agric/mine labor 18th century – 80% of total trade 18th century – 80% of total trade Muslim world slave trade Muslim world slave trade –Trans-Saharan, Red Sea, East Africa –Mostly women –3 million slaves traded

4. African Society Slave Lives Slave Lives –Millions killed –Families destroyed Africans in the Americas Africans in the Americas –Plantation system American Slave Societies American Slave Societies –Miscegenation

5. The Dutch boot the Portuguese Seize El Mina - 1630 Seize El Mina - 1630 English get involved - 1660s English get involved - 1660s French join in on the action - 18th century French join in on the action - 18th century Dahomey - Royal monopoly on flow of slaves Dahomey - Royal monopoly on flow of slaves Economic significance? Economic significance? –Same profits as other trade –Value tied up with plantation and mining economy –Definitely ties Africa to global economy

6. African societies leading up to the slave trade West & Central Africa was made up of small, volatile states West & Central Africa was made up of small, volatile states –Warfare endemic – societal emphasis on military Europeans use hostilities to their advantage – slaves for guns influence Europeans use hostilities to their advantage – slaves for guns influence African states closest to the coast dominate b/c of European weapons African states closest to the coast dominate b/c of European weapons

7. East Africa and the Sudan Swahili trading towns - ivory, gold slaves to Middle East Swahili trading towns - ivory, gold slaves to Middle East Northern Savanna - new Islamization Northern Savanna - new Islamization Songhay breaks up in 1500s Songhay breaks up in 1500s –Successor states Muslim Hausa states in northern Nigeria Muslim Hausa states in northern Nigeria Muslim reform movements began 1770s Muslim reform movements began 1770s Usuman Dan Fodio - 1804 - Hausa states Usuman Dan Fodio - 1804 - Hausa states

8. Capetown – South Africa Dutch colony – Boers - 1652 Dutch colony – Boers - 1652 –Plantation estates worked by slaves –Wars with San, Khoikhoi –1760s warring w/ Bantu 1795 - Britain occupies colony 1795 - Britain occupies colony 1815 – GB takes possession 1815 – GB takes possession After 1834 - Afrikaners push beyond boundaries After 1834 - Afrikaners push beyond boundaries