2. World War II The inevitable war Part I Axis Aggression

3. 1) Invasion of Poland - German invasion of the Polish corridor finally led to a declaration of war by Britain & France 2) “phony War” - France & Britain stand by defensively while Germany conquers Poland, Denmark, Norway, Netherlands & Belgium……..Allies not involved.

4. Invasion of Poland

5. Occupied Warsaw

6. 3) Dunkirk - French & British troops trapped by Germany’s rapid advance through France are evacuated to Britain

7. Blitzkrieg……...

8. Dunkirk after evacuation

9. France surrenders……Only 6 weeks 4) Vichy Regime - S. France which became a fascist collaborating “puppet government” N. France occupied by Germany

10. Armistice signed in the same train car...

11. 5) Battle of Britain - Germany began a massive bombing campaign to demoralize the British Churchill- offers nothing but “blood, toil, sweat, and tears.” RAF successfully defended - radar!

12. British bomb shelter

13. America’s support role expands 6) Cash & carry - Allies could buy war goods from the US to transport in their own ships 7)Lend-Lease - Allies could buy war goods from US on credit in exchange for leases on military base

14. 8)The Atlantic Charter - Churchill and Roosevelt agree on war aims…August 1941

15. 9) Germany invades Balkans - when Mussolini unsuccessfully invades Greece, Hitler has to divert attention to the Balkans to help Germany takes Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria

16. 10) North Africa - Italians and Germans attack French & British holdings in North Africa

17. Operation Barbarossa 11) Invasion of the Soviet Union - Hitler needs raw materials - oil & grain Three pronged German attack: Leningrad Moscow Stalingrad Stalin responds with scorched earth policy

18. Leningrad Moscow Stalingrad

19. Germans invade Russia

20. 12. Japanese get involved. Japanese in Asia - Japan moves to take Dutch & French colonial holdings US responds with trade embargo against Japan

21. 13.Pearl Harbor - Japanese bombers attacked US Pacific fleet based in Hawaii sank battleships…but aircraft carriers were not at port!

22. Destroyed US battleships...

23. BELLIGERENTS ……... Axis: Germany Italy Japan Allies: Great Britain Soviet Union (Russia) United States govts in exile - “Free French”

24. The Axis Powers seem invincible

25. World War II The Inevitable War Part II Allied Advance

26. Causes of WWII End of Old Order Political instability Disillusionment Resentment Economic suffering Social chaos Nationalism Rise of dictatorships Aggressive Expansion

27. Gradual gains for the allies 1. The Bismarck - “unsinkable” new German battleship British sink it - ends German ability to dominate the Atlantic with surface ships

28. The Battleship Bismarck

29. 2. Battle of Stalingrad - prolonged German offensive Russians hold city against unbelievable odds Russian counteroffensive encircles entire German 6th army & forces its surrender Begins Russian offensive

30. Trapped German 6th army

31. 3. German advance in North Africa……..

32. Erwin Rommel - the Desert Fox

33. Halted by British and American Tanks in North Africa…...

34. British General Bernard Montgomery “Monty”

35. British troops advance at 4. El Alamein

36. Germans & Italians surrender in North Africa

37. 5. Allied invasion of Italy Allies launch invasion of Sicily from North Africa Mussolini is denounced and arrested by Italian government Italy announces declaration of war against Germany

38. Mussolini & mistress

39. 6. American Victories in the Pacific Battle of Midway - Americans sink Japanese aircraft carriers Americans begin “island leapfrogging” Japanese “kamikazes” -

40. Battle of Midway

41. Kamikazi about to hit Intrepid

42. 7. D-Day June 6, 1944 American led Allied forces launch a surprise invasion of German-occupied France at Normandy

43. paratroopers

44. Germans expect landing at Calais

45. Transport ships ferried troops for the largest amphibious attack in history high casualties

46. 8. Allied Drive from West

47. Allied paratroopers land in the Netherlands- largest ever

48. Market Garden

49. German counteroffensive in the Ardennes The Battle of the Bulge

50. 9. Soviet Drive from East Supported by industry beyond the Ural Mountains Soviets Drive towards Berlin The Soviets reach Berlin FIRST

51. 10. Yalta ChurchillRoosevelt Stalin

52. The Big Three agree that: Germany would be divided. Part of Poland would go to the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union would declare war on Japan two to three months after defeating Germany.

53. 11. V-E DAY Montgomery presides over German Surrender

54. Germans sign unconditional surrender War in Europe is over! (May 8, 1945)

55. 12. Potsdam

56. New “Big Three” Stalin (still there) Clement Attlee (replaced Churchill) Harry Truman (replaced Roosevelt)

57. Now to focus on the Pacific ! At Potsdam, the Big Three finalized plans for administration of Europe Germany & Berlin to be divided into four zones of occupation administered by Big Three countries plus France free elections to be held later for self -determination

58. 13. Hiroshima/Nagasaki Little Boy and Fat Man

59. Devastation Innocents

60. Nagasaki

61. 14. V-J Day Soviet Union declares war on Japan day after Hiroshima bombing Japanese won’t agree to unconditional surrender 2nd bomb dropped on Nagasaki unconditional surrender by the Japanese (Sept 2, 1945)

62. The End of World War II Will we ever have to have another?

63. Effects of WWII Shift in balance of power- Britain, France and Germany lost world dominance. Emergence of superpowers-US and USSR Creation of New nations– Most of the colonial positions of the world were given independence. Founding of the United Nations

64. Effects Cont. 55 million people died in result of combat. (Russia lost the most at 22 million) 12 million died at the hands of the Nazis during the Holocaust. Millions more died in Asia at the hands of the Japanese genocide campaigns. Total Cost of the war—1.5 trillion in 1940s money