1. Origins of the Cold War Ch 18 Sec 1

2. I. Former Allies Clash A. United Nations A. United Nations 1. Objective was to keep world peace. 1. Objective was to keep world peace. 2. U.S. and Soviet Union used the UN to spread their influence over others. 2. U.S. and Soviet Union used the UN to spread their influence over others.

4. B. Potsdam Conference B. Potsdam Conference 1. Soviets went back on promise and did not allow free elections in Poland. 1. Soviets went back on promise and did not allow free elections in Poland. 2. Truman wanted a new world order of self- determination. 2. Truman wanted a new world order of self- determination. 3. Truman objected against Germany paying reparations. 3. Truman objected against Germany paying reparations. 4. Stalin controlled eastern Europe and Germany was divided into different zones. 4. Stalin controlled eastern Europe and Germany was divided into different zones.

8. C. Satellite Nations C. Satellite Nations 1. Stalin installed communist governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Poland. 1. Stalin installed communist governments in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Poland.

10. D. U.S. policy of Containment D. U.S. policy of Containment 1. Taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries. 1. Taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries. 2. An “iron curtain” had fallen over eastern Europe and no democracy could enter. 2. An “iron curtain” had fallen over eastern Europe and no democracy could enter.

13. II. Cold War in Europe A. Truman Doctrine A. Truman Doctrine 1. To help Greece and Turkey from becoming Communist, Truman and Congress gave the nations over 400 million in aid. 1. To help Greece and Turkey from becoming Communist, Truman and Congress gave the nations over 400 million in aid. 2. The TD was a policy in which the U.S. would economically support any nation threatened by Communism. 2. The TD was a policy in which the U.S. would economically support any nation threatened by Communism.

15. B. Marshall Plan B. Marshall Plan 1. The MP was designed to provide aid to an European country that had been ravaged by WWII. 1. The MP was designed to provide aid to an European country that had been ravaged by WWII. 2. By 1952 16 countries received over 13 billion in aid and Western Europe was flourishing. 2. By 1952 16 countries received over 13 billion in aid and Western Europe was flourishing.

19. III. Superpowers Struggle over Germany A. The Berlin Airlift A. The Berlin Airlift 1. Stalin blockaded West Berlin. 1. Stalin blockaded West Berlin. 2. To keep the people from starving planes dropped everything from food, fuel, and medicine to Christmas gifts for 327 days. 2. To keep the people from starving planes dropped everything from food, fuel, and medicine to Christmas gifts for 327 days. 3. By May of 1949 the Soviets realized they had been beaten and they lifted the blockade. 3. By May of 1949 the Soviets realized they had been beaten and they lifted the blockade. 4. After the Berlin Airlift East and West Germany officially separated. 4. After the Berlin Airlift East and West Germany officially separated.

23. B. NATO B. NATO 1. 11 nations along with the U.S. formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1. 11 nations along with the U.S. formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 2. They each pledged military support. 2. They each pledged military support. 3. U.S. entered into a military alliance for the first time during peacetime. 3. U.S. entered into a military alliance for the first time during peacetime.