1. Manipulation

2. EVERYTHING we see, hear, or read in the media is manipulated. Cameras, microphones and computers (typewriters for the old folk) do not occur in nature. By using these tools and making conscious decisions about how they are used, we are manipulating the outcome – the final product that will be seen or heard by the public. In this world a man must either be an anvil or hammer. ~ Henry W. Longfellow

3. Define Dictionary.com To manage or influence skillfully, especially in an unfair manner To adapt or change to suit one’s purpose or advantage Dictionary “exerting shrewd or devious influence especially for one’s own advantage” Emotional Organizational Interpersonal Media Political

4. Manipulation. “Interestingly, in the wake of real or perceived manipulation (no matter the circumstance or environment), a pit typically forms in the stomach, the throat constricts and the face flushes, as if to reinstate our humanity physically for all to see” (Bugeja, 2008).

5. Theory Agenda Setting Theory Framing Cultivation/Echo Chamber (form vs. material experience) Rhetoric Looking glass self Uncertainty Reduction Theory Information Manipulation Theory

6. Cooperative Principle (Grice) Expectation of Predictable Behavior QuantityQualityRelationManner

7. Information Manipulation Theory (McCornack) Covert Violation of Predictable Behavior QuantityQualityRelationManner

8. Lie Types MettsFalsificationDistortionOmission Turner et al. ConcealmentRelevanceDiversion Bavelas et al. Message equivocality

9. Different Media: Different Expectations EntertainmentMarketing/AdvertisementOpinion/EditorialNewsHighMediumMediumLow

10. News Framing – can never be avoided. VerbalVisual Editing – Context I hate Bloomington and wish I had never run for Mayor. I don’t ever want anyone to say that (long pause) I hate Bloomington and wish I had never run for Mayor.

11. News Staging – Moving things or people to get a different representation of what happened. Asking people to re-enact. 1978 ABC News Exploding Pinto

12. Email and Social Media More personal What is the sender/receiver relationship? Friend Public Figure News Agency

13. Photo & Audio Manipulation

14. Examples

15. Thoughts …. Positives? Future Implications How have you been manipulated today? How have you manipulated others today? Where do you draw your personal lines?