1. 2 nd part

2. New Zealand 1200 miles SE of Australia Smaller land area than Australia Two main islands N & S island Two separate colliding tectonic plates more mountainous than Australia

4. New Zealand Landscapes Long, narrow country with varied landscape 210 miles, 1000 feet long N. and S. Islands make up 98% of country’s area Islands separated by Cook’s Strait

5. North Island Volcanic Highlands in center of island. East of highlands High plateau meets Pacific Ocean. Rich green rolling hills and grazing lands.

6. South Island High Mountains Southern Alps (center), very rugged Many Glaciers, Lakes, Forests Fjords cut into SW coast Coastal plains either sides of highlands Through East central coastal area Canterbury Plain – Low land largest area of flat land; (chief farming area)

9. Climate: New Zealand Middle latitude - marine Southern latitudes lead to slower evaporation – results in fog and many cloudy days

10. New Zealand Culture & Economy Economic patterns 50% of New Zealand is pasture Agricultural economy based on livestock 70 million sheep (out number people 26 to 1) 8 million cattle One of the worlds largest producers of wool 3% of land supports crops

12. New Zealand’s Agg Crops Found on South Island on Canterbury Plain – ½ of country’s farmland Grain crops: Wheat, corn, barley Fruit: 68% of world’s supply of Kiwi fruit Rest of land is fodder crops – raised to feed cattle

13. Mineral and Energy Resources Chief energy base is Hydroelectric power – central highlands N & S islands Economy Changing to encourage more manufacturing & Industry Auckland manufacturing center

14. Cultural Patterns Enjoy high standard of living 98% literacy 87% New Zealanders European (many from Scotland) 81% Christian – English speaking New Zealand’s non-European minorities Maori (area’s first settlers)

15. Population Distribution North Island 72% of population Live and work in Auckland (900,000) & Wellington (360,000) Total 3.3 million South Island Rural with 28% of population Largest City Christchurch

16. New Zealand’s History Early history is a mystery 750 CA – Maori arrived???? Used islands for hunting and fishing first permanent settlers 1300 CA North Island First Europeans to see New Zealand 1642 Dutch sailors stopped by Maori warriors Dutch named Nieuew Zeeland for province in Netherlands

17. New Zealand Up to Today James Cook – British expedition Negotiated land rights with Maori *Treaty of Waitangi (1840) Gave Maori land rights in exchange for accepting British rule over the islands Made New Zealand colony Rare example of world power to negotiated with original settlers Since 1907, New Zealand gained independence in British Commonwealth – many Maori became active leaders Stable government and economy

20. Antarctica Precipitation Antarctica is on of the world’s driest deserts, Receives less than two inches of precipitation per year at the South Pole. Almost no snow falls in the interior of Antarctica. The coasts Receive more, and as much as 30 Inches of precipitation (Both snow and rain) sometimes falls on the Antarctic Peninsula

22. Antarctic (Did you know?) Antarctica, the world’s 5 th largest continent, lies at the southernmost end of Earth. The south pole is at the center Antarctica has no permanent population Vast areas of the continent have yet to be explored The land area of Antarctica is covered by a huge ice cap that extends into the surrounding ocean as ice shelves The seas around Antarctica are colder and less salty

23. More about Antarctica Antarctica’s climate is the world’s coldest Experts think that large deposits of coal, iron, copper, and other minerals may lie beneath the Antarctic ice cap. New technologies will have to be developed to mine or drill for minerals in Antarctica

24. Wild life of Antarctica Most of the plant and animal life in Antarctica are found near the coasts.

25. Antarctica Exploration Teams of explorers first arrived in Antarctica in the early 1900s. Roald Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer, was the first to reach the South Pole. The 1 st permanent Antarctic base was set up by an American, Commander Richard E. Byrd

26. Controlling Antarctica Under the Antarctic Treaty of 1959 12 nations agreed not to claim territory No military use is allowed Renewed in the 1990s The only people living in Antarctica are scientists in research stations scattered around the continent

27. Science of Antarctica Scientists are studying the ice and protein resources of Antarctica in hopes they might someday help solve problems of irrigation and food production Some Scientists fear that too much research and development in Antarctica could harm its fragile environment