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Leaching from Maize in Denmark. High level of animal manure.

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Presentation on theme: "Leaching from Maize in Denmark. High level of animal manure."— Presentation transcript:

1 Leaching from Maize in Denmark

2 High level of animal manure

3 Hoestaar=2009 Fsg_Navn=JyMa29 A3= Maize,220 N/ha A1= Maize, 100 N/ha C1= Maize + Ryegrass, 220 N/ha C1= Maize + ryegrass, 100 N/ha Nitrate conc. in cont. maize coarse sand, 540 mm drain, 2009

4 Weak Perennial Ryegrass sown 20. June, photo late autumn

5 To strong Red Fescue, sown with maize, photo late autumn.

6 Leaching [kg N/ha] in maize after G/C

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8 When excess of nitrogen after grass/clover the leaching is increaseed considerably when applying extra nitrogen. Undersown grasses reduces the leaching considerably

9 Undersown grasses reduces the leaching considerably Tabel. Nitrate leaching from silage maize undersown with grasses. Preliminary results 2009. Kg NO3-N /ha Soil-typeCoarse sandFine sand Prev. crop 1) Grass/ clover MaizeGrainGrass/ clover MaizeGrain Maize ½N1036578196366 Maize 1N157625179 Maize 1½N1991018944108 Reduced leaching by undersown grasses Maize RF ½N -40-31-24-10-40-29 Maize RF 1N -41-4-16 Maize RF 1½N -161-58 -15 -21-59 Maize Rye ½N -66-45-56 Maize Rye 1N -109-27-68 Maize Rye 1½N -130-59-95 Average 56% reduc- tion 28% reduction

10 Tabel. Nitrate leaching from silage maize undersown with grasses. Preliminary results 2009. Kg NO3-N /ha Soil-typeCoarse sandFine sand Prev. crop Grass/ clover MaizeGrass/ clover MaizeGrain Reduced leaching from previus crop maize and grain compared with previus crop grass/clover, different trials. Red Maize ½N103-3878-59-15-37 Maize 1½N199-9889-45-60 Maize RF ½N 63 -2954-45-31-35 Maize RF 1½N 385104-81-36-37 Maize Rye ½N 37 -17 Maize Rye 1½N 69-27 Average

11 Typically maize silage remove more N then applied totaly Soil-typeCoarse sandFine sand Prev. crop 1) Grass/ clover Maize GrainGrass/ clover Maize N-balance [kg N/ha] Maize ½N-61-65-76-59 Maize 1½N34154361 Maize RF ½N-60-30-79-37 Maize RF 1½N35484076 Maize Rye ½N-71-64-68-56 Maize Rye 1½N40494271

12 Soil-typeCoarse sandFine sand Prev. crop Grass/ clover MaizeGrainGrass/ clover MaizeGrain Yield loss when undersown grass 2009-2010, [100 SFU/ha] Maize RF ½N2-21-190-3-4 Maize RF 1N10-10-4313 Maize RF 1½N126-2059 Maize Rye ½N50 Maize Rye 1N712-27 Maize Rye 1½N014-44 - Maize grown after grass/clover is not influensed by undersown grasses. - Up to 1/3 yield loss in silage maize grown after maize or grain (low mineralizatiion), when ½ N-fertilization and undersown with a well developed red fescue

13 Low yield reponse in maize grown after grass/clover Soil-typeCoarse sandFine sand Prev. crop Grass/ clover MaizeGrainGrass/ clover MaizeGrain Yield responce per kg "fert-N" applied 2009-2010, [SFU/N] Maize 1N922114128 Maize 1½N134-18-3191 Maize RF 1N131825665 Maize RF 1½N3263-689 Maize Rye 1N421-214 Maize Rye 1½N-46-2-6

14 Conclusion Grasses undersown in maize reduces leaching. It is difficult to get the optimal balance between maize and grasses. Grasses wanted -with high N-uptake capacity -no depression on maize yield Maize after grass/clover is not affected by N or undersown grasses Maize after maize(grain) can be strong reduced be competion from undersown grasses

15 Extras

16 Soil-typeCoarse sandFine sand Prev. crop Grass/ clover MaizeGrainGrass/ clover MaizeGrain Feed "energy" yield, [100 SFU/ha], 2009-2010 Maize ½N118133129101114 Maize 1N123148135104115131 Maize 1½N131150124102126101 Maize RF ½N119112110101111109 Maize RF 1N127124125105115103 Maize RF 1½N129139127101119124 Maize Rye ½N123133100113 Maize Rye 1N12514599121 Maize Rye 1½N11013798118

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18 Herbiside affects Braccica, photo 23. June

19 Vinterrape Foto: ISK Formyre d. 1/11-2009 Chicory Foto: ISK Formyre d 1/11-2009

20 Poa annua makes problems ISK, Foulumgaard d. 19/6 2009

21 21 Radrensning lykkedes fint, men kvik ! ISK, Foulumgaard d. 28/7-09

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