1. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Design for Health Safety 1. Why Safety? 2. Speakers

2. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Why Safety? Accidents: In home and outdoors –40,000 deaths in car crashes per year; 4,700 pedestrians and 570 cyclists (Source: CDC 2000) Violence: In home, school, and in the public realm –Annually, over the 5-year period from 1998 to 2002, teachers were the victims of approximately 234,000 total nonfatal crimes at school, including 144,000 thefts and 90,000 violent crimes (rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, and simple assault) (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2004). Crime: Fear and reality –Even perceived crime can affect behavior

3. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Street Crime

4. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Quality of Life Calls

5. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006

6. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Why Safety? Bicycle and Pedestrian Crashes 1998-2002

7. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Bicycle and Pedestrian Crashes, 1998-2002

8. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006

9. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006

10. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Poverty Red = Above average people in poverty, seniors, children, and car-less

11. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Bicycle and Pedestrian Crashes, 1998-2002

12. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 What about local research?

13. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Twin Cities Walking Study Looked at disorder and physical activity No (unadjusted) association between overall physical activity or overall walking measured by accelerometer, survey, or diary and –litter, graffiti, visible dumpsters (measured by observers in the field) Travel walking (via dairy) –Positive association with litter (unadjusted, small) Leisure walking (via diary) –Negative association with leisure walk (unadjusted, small)

14. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Twin Cities Walking Study Looked at 100+ survey questions about the social and physical environment and total physical activity measured by accelerometer including questions on: –traffic –pedestrian safety –recreation facilities –Sidewalks –Trees –Architecture –neighbors –Location and accessibility Looked for significant correlations with both mean and median accelerometer readings (to eliminate “blips) but unadjusted

15. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Twin Cities Walking Study Positive associations 7 of 8 questions about recognizing and socializing with neighbors 2 of 3 crime questions: Crime rate makes it unsafe during the day + night “Many places to go within walking distance” “Streets in my neighborhood are hilly” 2 of 37 different destinations: closeness book store, job Negative associations My neighborhood has several free or low cost recreation facilities” and walking the dog (most negative!) Wider literature had mixed findings about perceived safety and physical activity

16. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006

17. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006

18. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Design for Health www.designforhealth.net

19. www.designcenter.umn.edu Design for Health October 25/26, 2006 Speakers –Kristen Day, UC Irvine Fear and Safety in Public Spaces –Wendy Sarkissian, FAPI, Sarkissian Associates Safety and CPTED