1. The Changing World of Collections Syracuse University Library Scott Warren – Head of Collections March 26, 2013

2. Questions – what is a collection?  Are you building a collection for the future or for present- day research and teaching needs?  Is your collection sustainable?  Must you own it?  How do you track/discover it?  What does ‘access’ mean?  just in case versus just in time  How long do you intend to manage it?

3. Constraints  Money  Space  Mission  Audience/patrons  Time  Fund restrictions  CD policies  Personnel  Competition

4. Journals

5. Article explosion

6. How do readers access articles?  Library has subscription to journal from publisher (either as single title or part of bundle)  And reader is associated with institution  Aggregator leases rights to resell (includes journal and/or individual article; often/possibly with embargo). Library subscribes to aggregator  And reader is associated with institution  open access (either via journal or repository)  Article is available for purchase  Article is available to rent  Individual has subscription to journal/membership in society provides access

7. How libraries provide articles  Libraries subscribe to individual titles  Libraries subscribe to publisher bundles  Libraries subscribe to aggregator (no control)  Libraries add OA titles not requiring subscription  Libraries purchase articles one by one  Libraries host IRs (Institutional Repositories)  Libraries borrow (ILL)  Libraries publish journals  Libraries rent articles?!?

8. Online resource implications for libraries  Back end work – maintenance  Continuations are a high percentage of budget  Are backfiles needed?  Subscriptions usually only go back to mid-90s.  Long term preservation and ownership - insurance  LOCKSS  Portico  Other archival methods (print storage)  Accessibility  But a deeper question is: do we want platforms, journals, or articles?

9. It’s complicated EBSCO. E-Resource Lifecycle http://www.ebsco.com/home/ejournals/ejournallc.pdfE-Resource Lifecycle

10. Information Business “Players”  Academic Information is a BUSINESS  The players:  Researchers Producing content  Publishers Packaging & Selling Access  Database (index/abstract) companies Selling Discovery  Libraries Buying/ licensing Discovery & Access

11. Two more perspectives  Funders: Governments – mandate OA (e.g. NIH)  The Law – online collections are licensed.  Restrictions exist on what can and cannot be done, who can use, etc.  Rights associated with information  Contract law  Doctrine of First Sale  Copyright  Strong implications for e-reserves, MOOCs, etc.  Why proxying exists  Shibboleth for Hathi Trust  Kirtsaeng v. Wiley http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/03/20/supreme- court-sides-against-textbook-publishers-resale-imported-workshttp://www.insidehighered.com/news/2013/03/20/supreme- court-sides-against-textbook-publishers-resale-imported-works

12. Lots of people want library money money!

14. Difference between disciplines Free & Committed Budgets - FY 09-10

15. Consortial buying  NERL  WALDO  Maybe HUBNET?  The United States has several very large consortia.

16. Journal pricing and usage  Sticker shock – prices are what the market bears http://www.library.ucsf.edu/help/scholpub/stickershock  Bundles?  Core titles at list price – based on 10+ year old decisions  Rest at substantial discount  What is a fair price?  Usage statistics (cost per use)  Should pricing be based on usage?

17. Backfiles  Older digitized content  Journals  Books  Other print content  Builds collections  Oxford and Cambridge  Springer mathematics  NCCO, EIMA, etc.  Generally one-time purchases (5-6 figures)  Result is that a library can level the playing field historically by buying enough of these

18. Ebooks  Rent packages  Buy sets, including backfiles  Purchase individually from publishers  Purchase individually from aggregators  Ebrary, Ebsco  Standing orders  Patron-Driven acquisition – Ebrary  Hathi Trust – is this part of SU’s collection?!?  Buying/renting/discovering chapters?!?  Challenges of multiple platforms – or not?

19. Print books and journals  Where does it all go?  Redundancy of print collections in archival storage?  How many copies are enough?  What is the function of libraries?  Solely content storage versus content provision plus service provision plus teaching plus student space plus archival mission plus…

20. Other formats  Music  Video – to stream or not to stream, that is the question  Data – getting our toes wet  Microforms – rarely purchased anymore  Digital microfilm  Print newspapers (going, going….)

21. What about finding stuff?  Web-scale discovery tool (SUMMON)  Catalog (SUMMIT)  Databases/Indexes – Collections budget  Indexing  Repositories  Data  Book citations  What level does discovery take place at?  ReferenceUniverse as example ReferenceUniverse  What level does access take place at?  What level does licensing/purchasing take place at?

22. Big picture perspective  Dan Hazen (Harvard)  Lost in the Cloud: Research Library Collections and Community in the Digital Age Lost in the Cloud: Research Library Collections and Community in the Digital Age  Rick Anderson (University of Utah).  His writing at the Scholarly Kitchen His writing at the Scholarly Kitchen  In particular the 2 Redefining the Library posts  Problem solving at multiple institution scale Problem solving

23. Who shares space with libraries?  Google  GetItNow  DeepDyve  Amazon  Wikipedia  Mendeley  …

24. Conclusions  Just in time model increasingly important  Ebooks experiencing many of the same growing pains that journals did  Discovery changing  Licensing and rights are more and more important  But ownership perhaps not as important as it once was  Data is large unknown – biggest institutions at present  Joint problem solving at industry-scale

25. Questions?  Scott Warren, sawarr01@syr.edusawarr01@syr.edu  5-8339