1. History & the Novel Germany - The Rise and Fall of Nazism Key Timeline, 1918 - 1945

2. 1918 Revolution from Above & Below Democratic republic created under Socialist government (SPD) War ends in defeat – SPD blamed 1919-20 Extreme left & right attempt coups Ultra democratic constitution introduced – created multiparty coalitions under PR Versailles Treaty imposed – appeared harsh and unfair to most Germans 1923-4 French invasion of Germany’s Ruhr German hyper-inflation Hitler attempted coup - briefly jailed 1924-29 Golden years for Germany domestically under leadership of moderate Stresemann Abroad, ‘Locarno Spirit’ brings hopes for European peace and prosperity Hitler reorganises Nazi Party & attempts to win electoral support

3. 1929 Wall Street Crash In USA. Leaves Germany near collapse once more Growth in support for Communist Party Rapid Growth in support for Nazi Party 1933-34 Hitler takes power in Germany, thanks to popular and elite support Foundations of Nazi Dictatorship created as Hitler assumes new role of ‘Fuhrer’ 1935 Anti-Semitic Nuremberg laws introduced Conscription introduced Nazification of economy under the 4 year plans 1936 Spanish Civil War - Germany joins Italy in support for Franco’s Fascists Hitler takes back control of the Rhineland Berlin Olympics takes place – all major powers attend

4. 1938 Anti Semitism stepped up in Germany with Kristallnacht Introduction of Anti-Semitic Laws in Italy for first time – marks new alliance between powers Nazi invasion of Austria and Czechoslovakian Sudetenland – ‘allowed’ by Britain via Munich Agreement 1939 Nazi invasion of rest of Czechoslovakia Nazi invasion of Poland Outbreak of War 1939-45 World War II ends in German defeat - and Hitler’s suicide